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<!--Do NOT add any unsourced information. "It was mentioned on the outdated Miraheze incarnation of this wiki" does not count as legitimately sourced information. This is your only warning.-->
The following is a list of unknown duplicators. Once a duplicator in this list is identified, it should be removed from the list and a page should be created for it.
The following is a list of unknown duplicators. Once a duplicator in this list is identified, it should be removed from the list and a page should be created for it.

Duplicator numbers marked * are known to be Macrovision customers.


==Duplicator #1==
==Duplicator #1==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Montgomery Ward (one known copy of Rudolph: Lessons for Life)
* Atlantic Releasing Co. (1992)
* LaserLight Digital (1998)
* Media Home Entertainment (1987-1989)
* Penton Kids/Cowles Syndicate, Inc. (1993)
* Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1990-1992)
* RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video (1987)
* Rhino Home Video (1991)
* Streamline Pictures (1991-1994?)
* Trinity Broadcasting Network (1989-1999)
* York Home Video (1991)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Rudolph: Lessons for Life duplicated by this company had dark printings in the following format: '''10962138 29572 RUDOLPHS LESSONS'''.
* Earlier tapes would have printings above the spot where the record tab would be, like this for example:
* Said tape also had a few extra seconds of black screen following the blank space at the tail end.
'''T-100'''


<gallery>
'''024888-2'''
File:Rudolph's Lessons for Life.jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
Beginning around late 1989, this was changed to engraved letters and numbers.
* [[Duplication Factory|The Duplication Factory]]
* Some earlier tapes also had a sticker with information on it on the bottom middle side, like this for example:
* [[PVS Corporate Services]]
'''W.O.#18441W'''


==Duplicator #2==
'''HOLIDAY'''


=== List of Known Customers ===
'''Slave #V SP Pass 3'''
* Columbia TriStar Home Video (1994) (as confirmed by one copy of a ''Really Wild Animals'' screening cassette)


=== How to Tell ===
Around 1990, this was changed to printings on the tape guard. Sometimes, it would appear like this for example:
* One known copy of a Really Wild Animals screening cassette from this duplicator had a print date in dark ink, with the printings being formatted like this for example:


'''PAL-200''' '''MMM 17:25 04/25/94'''
'''W.O.8504'''


'''SILLYVILLE'''
'''T-140'''


* Said tape has shuffling color bars at the end.
'''PASS 3 SLAVE 976'''


=== Possible Candidates ===
* Some RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video tapes duplicated by this company had a black screen test pattern with a 1133hz tone at the end.

==Duplicator #3==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Disney Institute (1997)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had printings (e.g. '''4457-5 IP''').

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Tapes Unlimited, Inc.]]

==Duplicator #4==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* ByGone Video (1999)
* Cotton Patch Productions (2003)
* Gary Semics Motocross School, Inc.
* Green Frog Productions, Ltd.
* OGR Publishing
* Palm Pictures (2004) (one known copy of Demonlover)
* TBD, but it was the distributor of ''First Fun with French'' in North America

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had white printings, which were formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''PT-45 EMT/HG 306 A102 0627 P.B.'''

Example 2:

'''T-120 SG/TO-NS A102 0624 P.B.'''

Example 3:

'''PT-75 BASF/HG 195 A100 0721 P.B.'''

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #5==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Marathon Music & Video

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had white printings (e.g. '''40 99''').


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:40 99 (Wacky Babies).jpg
File:Holiday Sticker.jpg|This is an example of what the printings and sticker on tapes duplicated by this company looked like until around late 1989.
File:T70PX2 LY7102 (Wee Sing in Sillyville).jpg|This is an example of what the engravings looked like on most tapes duplicated by this company beginning around 1990.
File:T62SP1 (King Cole's Party).jpg|On some tapes, there was only one line of letters and numbers.
File:The Andy Griffith Show Special Edition 1998 Tape 1.jpg|Beginning around 1998, the font was changed, and it was narrowed down to just one line of letters and numbers.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
==Duplicator #2==

==Duplicator #6==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Bob Ross Inc.
* AnimEigo (1997)
* Colgate
* Media Education Foundation (2000)
* New River Media (1999)
* New Yorker Video
* The Baby School Company, Inc. (1998)
* Zeitgeist Video (2002)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark red printings like this for example:
* Tapes from this duplicator had white printings (e.g. '''T-120 B/SHG 0285 C A298 0828 H.E''').


=== Possible Candidates ===
'''T-105 21647 CELESTE'''
* [[Media Visions|Media Associates Inc.]]

==Duplicator #7==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Children's Video of America, Inc.
* Family Films, Ltd.
* Shimano (one known copy of Shimano's 1991 New Product Video)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had a number printed above the record tab spot in white ink (e.g. '''48''').
* Much like most tapes by [[The Duplication Group|Cassette Productions]], one known copy of Treasure Island by this duplicator also had a few extra seconds of black screen following the blank space at the tail end, accompanied by a rumbling sound in the linear track.


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:48 (Treasure Island) (Children's Video of America, Inc.).jpg
File:T-105 21647 CELESTE.jpg|This is an example of what the printings on tapes duplicated by this company generally looked like.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
==Duplicator #3==
* [[CDI Media|Cassette Duplicators Incorporated]]

==Duplicator #8==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Crash Cinema
* First Look Home Entertainment (2003-2005)
* Polartec
* Funimation Entertainment (2001-2004)
* Gym-Mark/The Gymboree Corporation (2001)
* Maverick Entertainment (2002)
* Showtime Entertainment (2001-2004)
* Sundance Channel Home Entertainment (2002-2004)
* The Gold Label (2003)
* Two Left Shoes (2002) (some copies of Lush)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had printings like this:
* Tapes from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like this for example:


'''10607'''
Example #1:


'''2400733'''
'''TITLE: EVIL BUU (UNCUT) B2450'''


<gallery>
'''04/02 T-70'''
File:The Making of Everest (Polartech).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===


==Duplicator #9==
Example #2:


=== List of Known Customers ===
'''TITLE: VISITOR'''
* Verizon (2001)
* WGBH (1996)


=== How to Tell ===
'''10-03 T-96 PASS 001'''
* Tapes by this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like this for example:


'''HSV'''


'''T-30'''
Example #3:


<gallery>
'''TITLE: CYBERMUTT'''
File:HSV T-30 (Arthur -110) (WGBH).jpeg
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
'''02/04 T-88 192 PASS 001'''
* [[Coptech Digital]]


==Duplicator #10==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Gaiam (2001)
* Wet Cement Productions Inc. (2001) (some copies of Ewe Know: Do EWE Sing?)
* World Wide Pictures Home Video

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. '''ZAMPERINI 889088''').


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Evil Buu (Uncut).jpg|This is one example of what the printings on tapes duplicated by this company generally looked like.
File:Zamperini 889088 (World Wide Pictures Home Video).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like. Please note it may be a bit hard to see in this image.
File:Visitors 10-03.jpg|This is another example of what the printings on tapes duplicated by this company generally looked like.
File:Pilates Bodyband Workout (2001 Gaiam) (PILATES 10265).jpg|On one known copy of Gaiam: Pilates Bodyband Workout by this duplicator, the VBI code looked something like this.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
==Duplicator #4==
* [[Allied Vaughn]]

==Duplicator #11*==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* AIMS Multimedia
* ADV Films
* Lightning Dubbs
* Cabin Fever Entertainment (1990)
* First Look Pictures (2000-2001)
* Questar Home Video
* Strand Home Video
* TLC (1993)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had blue printings like this for example:
* Tapes by this duplicator had a print date in dark ink, with the printings being formatted like this for example:


'''T-30 SI JUN 06 02 04 : 45 M A D E I N U S A'''
'''21415435 VHSHH/001D H/4222GEO 51'''

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #12==
'''This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.'''
=== List of Known Customers ===
* A&M Video
* Campus USA (1987)
* Major League Baseball Home Video (1988)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had white or purple upside-down printings above the record tab spot (e.g. '''5x47''').
* Some other tapes by this duplicator also had dark printings on the left side of the tape (e.g. '''170717''').
* Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:5x47 (Janet Jackson - The Rhythm Nation Compilation, 1990 A&M Video).jpg
File:Sonic Movie.jpg|This is an example of what the printings on tapes duplicated by this company generally looked like.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
==Duplicator #5==
* [[Osborn Video Productions]]
* [[Video Cassette Duplicating Corp.]]

==Duplicator #13*==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* A-Pix Entertainment (1994)
* Wide-Eyed Learning (2003)
* BMG Video
** Zoom Express/BMG Kidz (1993)
* Capitol Video (1992)
* Illuminated Film Company/Scholastic (1993)
* Island Visual Arts (1991)
* PolyGram Video (1993-1994)
* Sony Wonder (1993)
* Sparrow (1992)
* Summa Video (1994)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of The Treasure Chest: Toys & Signs from this duplicator had a number printed above the record tab spot in white ink (e.g. '''34''').
* Tapes duplicated by this company generally had three, four, five, six or seven rectangles in the vertical blanking interval.
* One known copy of The Treasure Chest: Toys & Signs from this duplicator had a silent white screen test pattern at the end after several seconds of black screen, followed by some more black screen.
* Some tapes duplicated by this company have shuffling color bars and/or color static. Some others do not have anything.


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:34 (The Treasure Chest - Toys & Signs, 2003 Wide-Eyed Learning).jpg
File:My Brother's Wife VBI.jpg|This is what the vertical blanking interval on tapes duplicated by this company looked like with five rectangles.
File:Mary Kate and Ashley - Our First Video Solicitation VBI.jpg|This is what the vertical blanking interval on tapes duplicated by this company looked like with six rectangles.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
==Duplicator #6==

==Duplicator #14==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999)
* A-Vision Entertainment (1993)
* Kid Vision (1994)
* PolyGram Video (1994)
* Saban Entertainment/Fox Kids Network (1993)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company generally had a capital H in the vertical blanking interval.
* One known tape from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot (e.g. '''T29 2''').
* Said tape also had a silent white screen test pattern for a split second at the end.
* Some tapes duplicated by this company have shuffling color bars and/or color static.
* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Bee Smart Baby Vocabulary Builder 1.jpg
File:There Goes a Train VBI.jpg|This is what the vertical blanking interval on tapes duplicated by this company looked like.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
==Duplicator #7==

==Duplicator #15==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Baby Playtime, Inc. (2000)
* Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1991-1992)
* Chair Dancing International, Inc.
* EKA Productions (1997)
* Unknown, but it was the distributor of ''The New Barbarians: Training Children to Kill'')
* Virgin Records America (2001)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had a white number 75 or 80 above the recording tab spot (possibly indicating tape length).
* Tapes from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like the following examples:

* There is no other known form of printing on tapes from this duplicator, aside from the number above the recording tab spot.
Example 1:

'''T31G0M'''

Example 2:

'''T21SAIM'''


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:T31G0M (Playtime for Babies, 2000 Baby Playtime Inc.).jpg
File:75 (Wee Sing in The Big Rock Candy Mountains).jpg|This is what the 75 looked like.
</gallery>
</gallery>


=== Possible Candidates ===
==Duplicator #8==

==Duplicator #16==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Acorn Media (2004)
* Family Home Entertainment (2000) (some copies of Baby Shakespeare)
* Showtime Entertainment (2004)
* TLA Releasing (2003) (one known copy of Endgame)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink, like in the examples shown in the below pictures.

<gallery>
File:T33 (Baby Shakespeare, 2000 Family Home Entertainment).jpg
File:T98 (Stealing Sinatra, 2004 Showtime Entertainment).jpg
File:T105 (Jack, 2004 Showtime Entertainment).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #17==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Velocity Home Entertainment (2003)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed in white ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

<gallery>
File:T105 (Last Wedding, 2003 Velocity Home Entertainment).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #18*==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Paramount Home Video (1990)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of the 1990 pressing of Top Gun duplicated by this company had information etched onto the tape guard, like this for example:

'''PAR'''

'''78'''

<gallery>
File:PAR 78 (Top Gun, 1990 Paramount Home Video).jpg|This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #19==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* MCA/Universal Home Video (screener copies)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings beneath the face label, like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''TAGGET'''

'''018599 01 0864'''

Example 2:

'''PURE LUCK'''

'''020664 03 0621'''

<gallery>
File:Pure Luck 020664 03 0621.png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Pioneer Video Manufacturing]]

==Duplicator #20==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* American Home Treasures (Canada)
* Cloud Ten Pictures (Canada)
* kaBOOM! Entertainment Inc. (2001)
* Sony Wonder (Canada) (2000, 2005)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings like these for example:

'''HQ'''

'''T-40 3103032255 4'''

<gallery>
File:Caillou's Sunny Days (2000 Sony Wonder).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #21==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Paulist Press

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company did not have any form of printing on the cassette, although some tapes were duplicated on cassettes manufactured by Fujifilm.

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #22==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* GPN

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings like these for example:

'''EMTEC 20780080'''

'''T-30'''

<gallery>
File:Reading Rainbow - The Piggy in the Puddle (GPN, Year Unknown).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #23==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* KCTS Television

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company do not have any form of printing on the cassette, nor do they have anything in the vertical blanking interval.
* Some tapes duplicated by this company may have the master visibly stopping at the end, followed by black screen.

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Premiere America Inc.]]

==Duplicator #24==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Karen Pryor Clicker Training

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Puppy Love: Raise Your Dog the Clicker Way from this duplicator had white printings (e.g. '''T-35 SG 693C C105 0727 H.M.''').
* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it did have a blue screen with "L-1" in the top left corner at the end.

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #25==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* The Bridgestone Group (1988)
* Multnomah Productions (1991)
* Omega Entertainment (1986)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. '''BS 040621''').

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #26==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment (2004-2005) (demo tapes)
* Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (2005-2006) (demo tapes)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink (sometimes with "'''3M'''" in the printings), like in the examples shown in the below pictures.

<gallery>
File:T150 (Curse of the Ring Promotional Copy, 2005 Sony Pictures Home Entertainment) (eBay Photo).jpg
File:Anacondas - The Hunt for the Blood Red Orchid Promo (2004 Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

* Some tapes from this duplicator also had a silent white screen test pattern at the end.
* Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation]]

==Duplicator #27==
'''This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator, as the way the numbers are printed in the second photo below looks a bit different than the first one.'''
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Englewood Entertainment (1999)
* FUNimation Productions Inc. (2000)
* GPN
* KRMA-TV Denver Six
* VCI Home Video (2000, 2006)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had seven numbers engraved above the record tab spot. Take a look at the following examples:

Example 1:

'''4351090'''

Example 2:

'''6038115'''

* One known copy of The Fighting Sullivans by this duplicator has a silent white screen test pattern at the end.

<gallery>
File:Klondike & Snow (1996 KRMA-TV).jpg
File:The Fighting Sullivans (2005, VCI Entertainment).png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Advanced Audio/Video Productions, Inc.]]
* [[Audio-VideoGraphics, Inc.]]
* [[El Jay Audio/Video Duplication]]
* [[Mother Dubbers]]
* [[Video Services Group Inc.]]
* [[VU Media Duplication]]

==Duplicator #28==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Oregon Public Broadcasting (1997)
* Palmer/Pletsch
* SyndHonda Cinema Productions (2002)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes from this duplicator had a two digit number printed in dark ink above the record tab spot (e.g. '''65'''), possibly indicating tape length.
* Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Northwestern Inc.]]

==Duplicator #29==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (2001)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had yellow printings on the right side of the tape shell (e.g. '''10336''').
* One tape by this duplicator was known to have the static roll of death at the end.

<gallery>
File:10336 (Toda nuestra asociacion d.jpg|This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Osborn Video Productions|Osborn Video, Orem, Utah]]

==Duplicator #30==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Barron's Home Video
* General Mills (1995) ("Best Of" Seinfeld 100th Episode)
* Pearson Prentice Hall (some copies of World History Video Program series)
* Peter Pan Industries (1990s)
** Parade Video (1990s)
* Random House Home Video (The Berenstain Bears videos sponsored by Long John Silver's)
* Sony Music Entertainment (1996-1998)
* Small Fry Productions
* Weston Woods (1996)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the right side of the cassette shell, like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''5324 1'''

Example 2:

'''286065'''

Example 3:

'''2 6061'''

Example 4:

'''6078'''

Example 5:

'''26087'''

Example 6:

'''1J7370'''

Example 7:

'''3B 552'''

* Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:Best of Seinfeld 100th Episode (1995 General Mills and Columbia TriStar Television Distribution, eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:Sesame Street - Elmopalooza! (1998 Sony Wonder).JPG
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Audio-Video-Color Corp.]]
* [[Digital Excellence|EMC Productions]]
* [[Osborn Video Productions|Osborn Video]]

==Duplicator #31==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Republic Pictures Home Video (1993) (some copies of ''Playroom'')
* Warner Home Video (1994) (some copies of ''Dracula: A.D. 1972'')

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had a white or yellow sticker with information, a print date, and a barcode on it. The information and print date were formatted like this for example:

'''DRACULA A.D. (1972) WHV'''

'''0285337 V25100'''

'''09/29/94 S-3 P-X'''

'''113-01-7'''

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Technicolor Video Services]]

==Duplicator #32==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* FUNimation Entertainment (2004) (one known copy of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Secret Origins)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Secret Origins by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. '''10 06''').

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #33==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (UK)
* Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment (UK) (2002-2004)
* MGM Home Entertainment (UK)
* Paramount Home Entertainment (UK) (2002)
* Reader's Digest (UK)
* Universal Pictures (UK) (2002-2004)
* Video Collection International (UK) (2003)
* Walt Disney Home Video (Saudi Arabia) (2000-2003)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white or dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

'''2062737''' '''<big>E128</big> ICE AGE (RETAIL) <big>10373880</big>'''

'''AL3 2909'''

* Some tapes by this duplicator also had five DTMF tones at the beginning of the tape, which sound similar to the DTMF tones used by Technicolor in Livonia, Michigan.

<gallery>
File:Hook (2002 Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment UK) (eBay Photo).png|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #34==
'''This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.'''
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Classic Family Entertainment (1984)
* Magnum Entertainment
* Machines of Iron (2000)
* Platinum Productions

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had an orange, blue or red sticker next to the record tab spot, which had some numbers on it (e.g. '''114329''').

* Several tapes by this duplicator also had a few numbers printed in white or dark ink on the bottom middle side, like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''1 60'''

Example 2:

'''6 105'''

Example 3:

'''90'''

<gallery>
File:Nail Gun Massacre (1987 Magnum Entertainment) (eBay Photo).png
File:Suspiria (1986 Magnum Entertainment, eBay Photo).png
File:Union Pacific's Sherman Hill (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[VCA Pictures (Duplicator)|VCA Pictures]]

==Duplicator #35==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* GPN

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings on the bottom middle side or the tape guard (e.g. '''T30 93342''').

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #36==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney Home Video (Mexico) (1996)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings, which were formatted like this for example:

'''01A1504''' '''ALICIA EN EL PAIS DE LAS'''

'''T-080 27/02/96 02 0299 B MARAVILLAS'''

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Central de Video]]

==Duplicator #37==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney Home Entertainment (Greece) (2002)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

'''105 AVE''' '''2848'''

'''1385 2A'''

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #38==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* CIC Video (UK) (1988)
* Warner Home Video (UK) (1990)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings (e.g. '''E105 0202 CL1 BATTERIES NOT INCLUDED''').

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Rank Video Services]]

==Duplicator #39==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* MGM/UA Home Video (France) (1998)
* Universal Pictures (France) (2001)
* Warner Home Video (France) (2000)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

'''E132 557998 4 E 023 5P926'''

'''23H41'''

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #40==
=== List of Known Customers ===
* 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Belgium) (2002)
* Columbia TriStar Home Video (Germany) (2002)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had a barcode sticker on the tape guard. This barcode had 16 numbers. Below it, there was information (e.g. '''E83/E94/C/271202 3 02''').

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #41==
=== List of Known Customers ===
* U.S. Renditions (1990-1994)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the spine, with a tape length (e.g. "T60", seen on any program duplicated on 60-minute tape) above the record tab; not much is known about the printings on the spine as of yet, though one appears to be a date code (e.g. "081391", taken from a copy of Appleseed), and another, to its right, is a time code (e.g. "02:43", taken from a copy of Outlanders).
* Some tapes up to around 1992 did not have any printings at all.

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Crest Cassette Corporation]]

==Duplicator #42*==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* MCA/Universal Home Video (1994) (some copies of Beethoven's 2nd)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had information etched onto the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. '''MCA-423-22837''').

<gallery>
File:MCA-423-22837 (Beethoven's 2nd).jpg|This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:RVS (Beethoven's 2nd).png|This is what the VBI on tapes from this company was like, with the Macrovision signal in it.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Premiere Video]]

==Duplicator #43==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Campus Crusade for Christ International
* Sit and Be Fit

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had information in the vertical blanking interval, like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''WAC 3105'''

Example 2:

'''WAC 3001'''

<gallery>
File:The Story of Jesus for Children (Year Unknown, Campus Crusade for Christ International).jpg|An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #44==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Blockbuster Video (1995) (some copies of Victor Borge's Funniest Moments)
* Bullfrog Films (1995) (one known copy of Billion Dollar Crop)
* Children's Circle
* CVM (1996)
* Four Seasons Productions (2002) (one known copy of Quest for the Grail)
* GMG Productions (2000)
* VideoTours (one known copy each of Biltmore Estate and San Diego Zoo)
* Weston Woods (1998)

=== How to Tell ===
* Most tapes duplicated by this company had a sticker on the right side of the cassette shell, with information on it like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''M5G9860'''

Example 2:

'''16F6872'''

* Some early tapes also had a number stamped in dark ink above the record tab spot (e.g. '''30 9''').
* Several later tapes had white printings like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''T40-A'''

Example 2:

'''T30 BC'''

* On one known copy of Billion Dollar Crop by this duplicator, the printings are repeated on the right-hand side of bottom middle side.
* One known copy of Victor Borge's Funniest Moments by this duplicator, however, did not have any of these credentials, but still had the vertical blanking interval code format mentioned below.
* At the beginning and end of tapes by this duplicator, there was also a date in the vertical blanking interval, accompanied by a clock. The information was formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''8·04·91 [clock]'''

Example 2:

'''0·07·00 [clock]'''

Example 3:

'''2·17· [clock]'''

Example 4:

'''10·30·90 [clock]'''

* One known copy of Biltmore Estate by this duplicator had the static roll of death at the end.

<gallery>
File:30 9 (Harold and the Purple Crayon and Other Harold Stories, 1993 Children's Circle).JPG|An example of what the printings on early tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:T40-IA.jpg|An example of what the printings on later tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:T30 BC (The Rosemary Wells Video Library, 1998 Weston Woods).jpg
File:T60JC.jpg
File:M1 7453 (The Rosemary Wells Video Library, 1998 Weston Woods).jpg|An example of what the sticker on most tapes by this duplicator looked like. The color of the sticker varied by tape; this picture shows a light blue sticker.
File:M9535.jpg|Another example, showing a green sticker.
File:Victor Borge's Funniest Moments (1995 Blockbuster Video).jpg|An example of what the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:Quest for the Grail (2002 Four Seasons Productions).jpg|Another example of this duplicator's VBI code.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Action Duplication]]
* [[Color Film Corporation]]
* [[Media Visions|Media Associates, Inc.]]
* [[Tapes Unlimited, Inc.]]

==Duplicator #45==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Zondervan Video (1992)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator do not have any form of printing on the cassette.
* At the beginning and end of tapes duplicated by this company, there were four two-digit numbers in the vertical blanking interval, which were separated by colons (e.g. '''36:35:45:13''').

<gallery>
File:Quigley's Village - Spike and the Big Blue Bubble Babble Balloon Machine (1992 Zondervan Video).jpg|An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Allied Vaughn|Allied Film & Video]]
* [[Bonneville Duplication|Video West]]

==Duplicator #46==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Chariot Video/David C. Cook Publishing Co.

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had the tape length printed above the record tab spot, as well as a set of eight numbers printed in white on the back of the cassette shell (e.g. '''40040211''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #47==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Braveworld Ltd. (UK) (1992)
* Castle Home Video (UK) (1999)
* Cinema Club (UK) (2002)
* Clear Vision Video (UK) (1995-2004)
* Contender Entertainment Group (UK) (2002-2003)
* Cromwell Productions Limited (UK) (2000)
* DD Video (UK)
* Feature Films for Families (UK)
* Fremantle Media (UK) (2002)
* ILC (UK)
* IVC Video Inc. (UK)
* Karussell (UK) (1996)
* Lace International Limited (UK) (1998)
* Maximum Entertainment (UK) (2004)
* Medusa Pictures (UK) (2002)
* M.I.A. Video (UK)
* Odyssey Video (UK) (2001)
* Pickwick Video (UK) (1992)
* PT Video (UK) (2000-2001)
* The Singing Machine (1993)
* Star Video Interactive Entertainment Ltd. (UK) (1997)
* Televideo (UK) (1997)
* Telstar Video Entertainment (UK) (1994)
* Tempo Video
* Tring Video (UK) (1995)
* Video Collection International (UK) (1999-2002)
* Warner Music Vision (UK) (1999)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had a sticker with a date (or batch number in the case of some tapes), "VDC" and a job number. The color of the sticker varied by tape.

<gallery>
File:Pre-School Funtime (Tempo Video) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a batch number. This picture shows an orange sticker.
File:VDC Sticker (Digimon Digital Monsters Volume One, 2004 Maximum Entertainment) (eBay Photo).png|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a date. This picture shows a green sticker.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[VDC Group]]
* [[Video Duplicating Co. Ltd.]]

==Duplicator #48==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video (UK) (1991)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had printings (e.g. '''E108 RVS/R A0803 LL''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #49==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney Home Video (1998) (UK) (some copies of Flubber)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had white printings (e.g. '''FLUBBER BV 232 W/O BVH 630838''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #50==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Warner Home Video (1998) (UK) (some copies of L.A. Confidential)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had a print date, with the printings being formatted like this for example:

'''02/11/98'''

'''WHV LA CONFIDENTIAL W/O W592851 R/T 142.11'''

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #51==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Hanna-Barbera Home Video (1990) (some copies of Hanna-Barbera Command Performance videos, and some others)
* The Maier Group (1990) (Inspector Gadget videos)
* National Geographic Society (1990)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company do not have any form of printing on the cassette.
* Tapes by this duplicator had a number on the left-hand side of the vertical blanking interval at the beginning of the tape (e.g. '''02''').

<gallery>
File:Discover Russia (1990 National Geographic Society).jpg|An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Allied Vaughn|Allied Film & Video]]

==Duplicator #52==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* MGM/UA Home Video

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of The Secret of NIMH by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. '''T-88 E14799-8719''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #53==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* National Geographic (2008) (one known copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest)

=== How to Tell ===
* On one known copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest by this company, the only form of printing was the tape length, which was printed in white above the record tab spot.

<gallery>
File:T-60 (2008).png
File:Odzala - Islands in the Forest (2008 National Geographic).JPG|The VBI code on said copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest by this company looked something like this.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[Allied Vaughn]]

==Duplicator #54==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Interglobal Home Video

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. '''T40USM AYMSRPM DHG-U-CMI1''').

<gallery>
File:T40USM AYMSRPM DHG-U-CMI1 (Snow White, Interglobal Home Video).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #55==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (UK) (2001)
* CIC (UK) (1999)
* Paramount Home Entertainment (UK) (2001)
* Pathé (1998)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator had white printings between an inked barcode, like these two examples:

Example 1:

'''10015807''' '''[barcode]<big>E83</big> '''DL4 2308''' <big>10015807</big>

'''RUGRATS - THE MOVIE'''

Example 2:

'''20049360''' '''[barcode]<big>E92</big> '''RUGRATS IN PARIS MOVIE 2''' '''<big>10232431</big>'''

'''BL4 1708'''


<gallery>
File:The Rugrats Movie (1999 CIC UK) (eBay Photo).jpg
File:Rugrats in Paris - The Movie (2001 Paramount UK) (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #56==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Green Frog Productions, Ltd.

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator had white printings (e.g. '''T-75 ILYA FUJI 1''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #57==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Play Along (2002-2004)

=== How to Tell ===
* The only form of printing on tapes by this duplicator was '''PA''', printed in white on the back of the cassette shell.

<gallery>
File:PA (Care Bears - Order on the Court and The Best Way to Make Friends, 2003 Play Along).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #58==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* The Baby Einstein Company (1999) (one known pressing of Baby Bach)
* Paramount Home Video (one known Columbia House Video Club pressing of Forrest Gump)
* PolyGram Video (1998) (one known pressing of The Gingerbread Man)
* Tai Seng Video Marketing (1999) (one known pressing of First Option)

=== How to Tell ===
* Look at the following pictures to see examples of what tapes by this duplicator had in the VBI at the beginning:

<gallery>
File:The Gingerbread Man (1998 PolyGram Video).jpg
File:Baby Bach (1999 The Baby Einstein Company).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[Allied Vaughn|Allied Digital Technologies]]

==Duplicator #59==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Hemdale Home Video
* International Music Distributors (1996)
* Substance (1996)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator had a print date, with the printings being formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''12/12/95 09:54 T100 2GS'''

Example 2:

'''12/08/96 20:09 T110 2AA'''

Example 3:

'''12/05/97 11:36 T85 1 SKC'''

* One known tape by this duplicator had the record tab intact.

<gallery>
File:The Judas Project (1995 Hemdale Home Video) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what print dates and the overall printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #60==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Advanced Hunting Equipment (1992) (some copies of Tree-Lounge Trophies)

=== How to Tell ===
* Some Advanced Hunting Equipment tapes by this duplicator say "'''FCV'''" in the bottom right corner of the face label.

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #61==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* A.D. Vision (1994) (some copies of Guy: Double Target)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had printings like these for example:

'''T-75 [1] MAY,24.94 MADE IN U.S.A.'''
'''11:15'''

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #62==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* AnimEigo (1994) (some copies of MADOX-01 and Riding Bean)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had upside-down printings (e.g. '''U51S94WO34734''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #63==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney World (2003) (one known copy of Magic Kingdom: Where Magic Lives)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Magic Kingdom: Where Magic Lives duplicated here had dark printings like these for example:

'''<big>MGR MAGIC 4PK</big>'''

'''050404 0303 19116'''

<gallery>
File:Magic Kingdom - Where Magic Lives (2003 Walt Disney World, eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #64==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney Home Video (Germany)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had dark printings (e.g. '''E101 DER KÖNIG DER LÖWEN 79163''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #65==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney Home Video (Germany)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had dark printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

'''<big>85</big> 644E'''

'''1560'''

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #66==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Cabin Fever Entertainment (1989)
* MGM/UA Home Video (1990) (One known copy of a screener copy of ''Back to Back'')
* Unknown, but it was the distributor of 1989 New Trier H.S. Video Yearbook

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had a white sticker on the bottom middle side. This sticker had black text like this for example:

'''042056.001 104709'''
'''HANK WILLIAMS JR.:'''
'''FULL ACCESS'''
'''3878 08-25-89'''

<gallery>
File:Hank Williams Jr. - Full Access (1989 Cabin Fever Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:Back to Back Screeners (eBay Photo).jpg
File:Videoframe 203042.png
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #67==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Brentwood Music
** Brentwood Kids
* Home Sweet Home Educational Media Co.
** Toddler Television Video
* Quality Video

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. '''B 19568''').
* Some tapes by this duplicator also had the tape speed (e.g. '''SP''') stamped in white on the side of the tape guard.
* Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:Finding Your Way in the Wild (Quality Video, Year Unknown).jpg
File:Dance the Macarena with Wil Veloz (1996 Quality Video).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[3M Co.]]
* [[Digital Excellence|EMC Productions]]
* [[International Cassette Corp.]]
* [[Precision Powerhouse|Precision Tapes Inc.]]
* [[Sifford Media]]

==Duplicator #68==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Crest (2000) (one known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure duplicated by this company had a dark ink stamp above the record tab spot, which consists of text in a circle (e.g. '''DP010''').

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #69==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Crest (1993) (one known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure duplicated by this company had the following white printings above the recor tab spot:

'''MCNERNEY'''

'''9382-1'''

==Duplicator #70==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Just Your Pal (1998)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known ape duplicated by this company had white printings (e.g. '''HS T-30 2618''').

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #71==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* A Couple 'A Cowboys (1991)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known tape duplicated by this company had white printings (e.g. '''T-47 27041X''').

* Next to the white printings, there was also a set of sideways dark printings like these for example:

'''CHIEF'''

'''8192'''

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #72==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1990-1991)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had a number printed in white on the bottom middle side (e.g. '''65''' or '''75'''), possibly indicating tape length.

<gallery>
File:65 (The Best Christmas Ever!, eBay Photo).jpg
File:75 (The Big Rock Candy Mountains, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #73==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Home Sweet Home Educational Media Co. (1988) (one known copy of Gerbert: Forever Friends)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Gerbert: Forever Friends duplicated here had a white sticker on the side of the tape shell. This sticker had black text like this for example:

'''36851#2'''

'''FOREVER FRIENDS'''

'''#04769'''

<gallery>
File:Gerbert - Forever Friends (1988 Home Sweet Home Educational Media Co.).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #74==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* BBC Video (UK) (1989)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had a sticker with information printed like this for example:

'''P11 28786'''

'''20075'''

<gallery>
File:Chamberwick Green 1 (1989 BBC Video) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like. This picture shows a green sticker.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #75==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* The Video Collection (UK) (1992)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information printed like this for example:

'''2735'''

'''43257'''

<gallery>
File:Fisher Price - Favourite Songs and Jokes, Riddles and Rhymes (1992 The Video Collection) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #76==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Thames Video Collection (UK) (1989)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had an orange sticker with information (e.g. '''0893.Gk''').

* Some tapes by this duplicator also had white printings above the record tab spot (e.g. '''6 60''').

<gallery>
File:Rainbow with Rod, Jane & Freddy - Stories and Rhymes Volume II (1989 Thames Video Collection) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #77==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* VCI (UK)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information printed like this for example:

'''X20·03·01'''

'''131543'''

<gallery>
File:Ready to Learn at the Fire Station - Fire Engines (VCI) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #78==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Stylus Video (UK) (1990)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information (e.g. '''D123910''').

<gallery>
File:Storybook World 1 (1990 Stylus Video) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #79==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Reader's Digest Video (UK)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had dark printings (e.g. '''E40 H S DV87-346/3 001200I 0759242''').

<gallery>
File:Dig and Dug with Daisy - At the Factory (Reader's Digest Video) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:Hullaballoo - Bonanza! Part Two (Reader's Digest Video) (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #80==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Video Artists International (one known copy of Trumpet Kings)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Trumpet Kings by this company had a white sticker on the left side of the tape shell, and said sticker had information printed like this for example:

'''TRUMPET KG'''

'''19941'''

<gallery>
File:Trumpet Kings (1985 Video Artists International).jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #81==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Interactive Learning Group (1999)
** Video Buddy (1999)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had printings above the record tab spot or the bottom middle side (e.g. '''2192''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #82==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Cinéma Plus International (one known copy of La Guerre des Tuques)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of La Guerre des Tuques by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. '''K1022''').
* Said tape also had white printings on the right side of the tape shell (e.g. '''CP 1313''').
* Said tape also had a sticker on the tape guard with numbers on it (e.g. '''19253''').

<gallery>
File:K1022 (La Guerre des Tuques) (Cinema Plus, Year Unknown).jpg|An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:CP 1313 (La Guerre des Tuques) (Cinema Plus, Year Unknown).jpg|An example of what the side printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:19253.jpg|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #83==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Inside Country Music (1990)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known tape by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. '''T105 EG23A09002D 08 : 44 #53972''').

* Said tape also had a white stamping on the left side of the tape, like the example in the picture below next to a picture of the example of the dark printings.

<gallery>
File:Dark Printings (Inside Country Music Video Magazine, 1990).jpg|An example of what the dark printings on one known tape by this duplicator looked like.
File:White Stamping (Inside Country Music Video Magazine, 1990).jpg|An example of what the white stamping on one known tape by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #84==
'''This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.'''
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Greg Scholl Video Productions (1987)
* Midwest Express Airlines
* Nancy's Notions, Ltd. (1996, 1999)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this company had the tape length printed in gold above the record tab spot.
* One copy of Sewing with Nancy: Suede - Ultra Fun to Sew by this duplicator has been known to have shuffling color bars at the end.
* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:T-65 (Sewing with Nancy - Suede -- Ultra Fun to Sew, 1996 Nancy's Notions, Ltd.).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #85==

'''This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator. A few possible duplicator candidates are listed below.'''

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Learning Forum (1988)
* Morris Video (1987)
* Price/Stern/Sloan (1987-1989)
* Valley of the Sun Video (1987)

=== How to Tell ===
* The only form of printing on tapes here is above the record tab spot, where white printings appeared like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''T-30'''

'''TL88178'''

Example 2:

'''T-60'''

'''TL871193'''

Example 3:

'''T-65'''

'''L25445-1'''

Example 4:

'''T-60'''

'''TL870167'''

* Two known tapes by this duplicator did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:Video Hypnosis with Subliminals - Lose Weight Now (1987, Valley of the Sun Video).jpg
File:T-65 L25445-1 (Wee Sing in Sillyville, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[Scenewise Inc.|Custom Duplication Incorporated]]

==Duplicator #86==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Trinity Broadcasting Network (one known copy of 25 Years of God's Miracles)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of ''25 Years of God's Miracles'' duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab, like these for example:

'''T-95'''

'''19968'''

<gallery>
File:25 Years of God's Miracles (1998 Trinity Broadcasting Network, eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #87*==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Public Media Home Vision (1995)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark or white printings on the left side of the tape shell (e.g. '''#3 55''').

* Tapes duplicated by this company also had a white sticker on the tape guard, with information printed on it like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''HERMITAGE PT. 1 1364002'''

Example 2:

'''HERMITAGE PT. 2 1364008'''

Example 1:

'''HERMITAGE PT. 3 1364014'''

<gallery>
File:-3 55 (The Hermitage - A Russian Odyssey Volume Three, 1995 Public Media Home Vision).jpg|An example of what the white printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:HERMITAGE PT. 3 13644014 (The Hermitage - A Russian Odyssey Volume Three, 1995 Public Media Home Vision).jpg|An example of what the white sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[PVS Corporate Services]]

==Duplicator #88==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Lannan Foundation (1994) (one known copy of Eavan Boland)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Eavan Boland duplicated by this company had white printings (e.g. '''NV-60MV 02067''').

<gallery>
File:Eavan Boland (1994 Lannan Foundation) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #89==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* The Right Stuf International (1998)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

'''T-75'''

'''175'''

<gallery>
File:The Irresponsible Captain Tylor - A Farewell to Responsibility (1998 The Right Stuf International) (eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #90==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* MNTEX Entertainment (1991)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. '''MXE5660 3-0714''').

<gallery>
File:Evil in the Swamp (1991 MNTEX Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #91==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* MNTEX Entertainment

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. '''CE 6103''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #92==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Simitar Entertainment (1994)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Vampires Volume 1 duplicated here had upside-down white printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. '''PT 22195''').

<gallery>
File:Vampires Volume 1 (1994 Simitar Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[Precision Powerhouse|Precision Tapes]]

==Duplicator #93==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* METACOM (1992)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had a blue sticker under the face label, which had information like this for example (the top appears to have been cut off due to the printing being shifted higher than standard):

'''1515 SP 11'''

'''CHRISTMAS CELE'''

'''481305 AU-TD'''

* One copy of ''Pavarotti, Domingo & friends sing A Christmas Celebration'' by this duplicator has been known to have the white screen test pattern with a 1000hz tone at the end, followed by a few seconds of black screen before the tape ends.

<gallery>
File:Pavarotti, Domingo & friends sing A Christmas Celebration (1992 METACOM, Inc.).jpg|An example of what the blue sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
File:Pavarotti, Domingo & friends sing A Christmas Celebration (1992 Metacom).jpg|On tapes by this duplicator, the BHCP codes were used in the vertical blanking interval.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[3-G Videocassette Corporation]]
* [[Andrew McIntyre Enterprises]]
* [[Central de Video|Central Video]]

==Duplicator #94==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
Line 184: Line 1,712:


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark red printings like the ones in the picture below.
* Tapes duplicated here had the tape speed (e.g. SP) enclosed in a circle, stamped in white on the side of the tape guard.


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:3286 15900 (End of the Trail Tape 1).jpg|This is an example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like.
File:SP (Gunfighters of the West, Simitar Entertainment).jpg|An example of what the white stamping on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>
</gallery>


===Possible Candidates===
==Duplicator #9==

==Duplicator #95==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Embassy Home Entertainment (1986)
* Montgomery Ward


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had dark red printings like the ones in the picture below.
* Tapes duplicated here had upside-down text engraved on the left side of the tape shell (e.g. '''EHP 60712''').


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Yojimbo (1986 Embassy Home Entertainment).jpg
File:Rudolph's Lessons for Life.jpg|This is an example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>
</gallery>


===Possible Candidates===
==Duplicator #10==
* [[Premiere Video]]

==Duplicator #96==


=== List of Known Customers ===
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Paramount Home Entertainment (2007-2008)
* Anchor Bay Entertainment (1999) (one known copy of One Magic Christmas)
* DreamWorks Home Entertainment (2008)


=== How to Tell ===
=== How to Tell ===
* Some tapes duplicated by this company had the number 105 stamped in dark red ink on the right side of the tape shell.
* Tapes duplicated here had dark printings (e.g. '''01-14-4091''').
* Tapes duplicated by this company also had a sticker on the right side of the tape shell. The information on the sticker was usually like this for example:


===Possible Candidates===
'''HOW SHE MOVE THEAT FEB


==Duplicator #97==
'''ENGLISH'''


=== List of Known Customers ===
'''PARAMOUNT HV 332852 CREST 02/12'''
* Regal Home Video (1999)


=== How to Tell ===
** However on some tapes, the sticker said "DELUXE MEDIA" instead of "PARAMOUNT."
* Tapes duplicated here had printings above the record tab spot (e.g. '''REGAL 0399''').


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Tatapatan Ko Ang Lakas Mo (1998 Regal Home Video, eBay Photo).jpg
File:Year of the Dog.jpg
File:Next Sticker.jpeg
File:Stardust Sticker.jpeg
File:How She Move.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>


===Possible Candidates===
==Vertical Blanking Intervals from Other Duplicators==


==Duplicator #98==
Below is a gallery of what the vertical blanking intervals on tapes duplicated by some other duplicators look like. Once a vertical blanking interval or duplicator is identified, please remove it from the gallery and put it on its' page.

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Anchor Bay Entertainment (2004) (one known copy of Thomas & Friends: New Friends for Thomas)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Thomas & Friends: New Friends for Thomas duplicated here had white printings above the record tab spot (e.g. '''ABE-AB1326''').


<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Thomas & Friends - New Friends for Thomas (2004 Anchor Bay Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg
File:My Friend Joe VBI.jpg
File:The Singles Ward VBI.jpg
File:Red Headed Stranger VBI.jpg
File:Barney & The Backyard Gang - Waiting for Santa 1992 VBI.jpg
File:Barney's Magical Musical Adventure VBI.jpg
File:Sing And Dance With Barney Screener Video VBI.jpg
File:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles - Secret Origins VBI.jpg
File:Beethoven's 2nd VBI.png|The picture shown here has the Macrovision encoding signal in it.
File:Malcolm in the Middle - Poker (For Your Emmy Consideration) VBI.jpg
File:The Day Jimmy's Boa Ate the Wash VBI.jpg
File:Meet the Mentor VBI.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[QC Media Services]]

==Duplicator #99==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* A.I.P. Home Video (1994)
* Voyager Entertainment (1995)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had a white sticker on the tape guard, with information printed on it like the following example:

'''STARBLAZERS VOL. 1'''

'''136 07/26/95'''

<gallery>
File:Star Blazers Volume 1 (1995, Voyager Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[WRS Motion Picture & Video Laboratory]]

==Duplicator #100==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Tim Young Productions Inc. (1996) (one known copy of The Belle)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of The Belle duplicated here had dark printings above the record tab spot, like the following example:

'''63390812'''

'''11524000'''

<gallery>
File:The Belle (1996 Tim Young Productions Inc.).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #101==
=== List of Known Customers ===
* BFS Video

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had white printings above the record tab spot, like the following example:

'''S 120 KSB'''

'''8111051'''

<gallery>
File:The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin 2 (1993 BFS Video).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #102==
=== List of Known Audio Customers ===
* Walt Disney Records (CD; 1990s) (some copies of ''Sebastian From The Little Mermaid'')

=== How to Tell for Audio Releases ===
* Some copies of ''Sebastian From The Little Mermaid'' duplicated by this company had matrix printings on the front of the disc ring, usually beginning with the disc's catalog number, like these examples:

Example 1:

'''608112 L0929K A 1'''

Example 2:

'''608112 RE1 L0A25A A2'''

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #103==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Encounter Video (1990)
* Stoney-Wolf Video (1990)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had a two-digit number printed in white above the record tab spot (e.g. '''30'''), possibly indicating tape length.

<gallery>
File:30 (Kids Explore Mexico, 1990 Encounter Video).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #104==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* CBS (1988) (one known copy of Plan to Get Out Alive: Family Fire Safety Video)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Plan to Get Out Alive: Fire Safety Video duplicated by this company had two white stickers on the bottom middle side, like the example in the picture below.

<gallery>
File:Plan to Get Out Alive (1988 CBS).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #105==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Turner Broadcasting System (1996) (One known copy of the FYC screener tape of The Heidi Chronicles)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of the FYC screener tape of The Heidi Chronicles that was duplicated by this company had dark printings (e.g. '''107961634 24001 V-98''').

<gallery>
File:The Heidi Chronicles (1996 Turner Broadcasting System).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Vaughn Communications Inc.]]

==Duplicator #106==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Malofilm Video

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

'''T-106'''

'''850EA370'''

<gallery>
File:Warlock (Malofilm video, eBay Photo).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #107*==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Eye Films and Video (1991)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known tape by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. '''T70 EG64D07115D 12 : 13 #58871''').

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #108==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Unknown (but it was the distributor of a Malcolm in the Middle "For Your Emmy Consideration" tape)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known tape by this company had a number printed in dark ink on the right-hand side of the bottom middle side (e.g. '''25''').

<gallery>
File:Malcolm in the Middle - Poker (For Your Consideration) (2002).jpg|One known tape by this company had something like this in the vertical blanking interval.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #109==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Editions Montparnasse (1998)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Louvre: The Visit by this company had dark printings (e.g. '''E-95 519403 B 285 5P926''').
* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:Louvre - The Visit (1998 Editions Montparnasse).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #110==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Nutmeg Media (2004)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of The Crab Man by this company had a number stamped in dark ink on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. '''12''').
* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:The Crab Man (2004 Nutmeg Media and Turtle Books).jpg
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[Bonneville Duplication]]

==Duplicator #111==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Hallway Entertainment & Distribution (1993) (one known copy of Willie Nelson: My Life)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Willie Nelson: My Life duplicated by this company had dark printings, like these for example:

'''<big>T-60</big> B1 A-345 F-1550'''

'''09/07/93 01'''

* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it did have a silent white screen test pattern at the end.

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[MPL Film & Video]]
* [[AIMedia Solutions|Opryland Productions Duplicating Services]]
* [[Sifford Video]]
* [[Sterling Video Services]]

==Duplicator #112==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* PolyGram Music Video (1989)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Paul McCartney: Put It There by this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. '''T 65 C''').
* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:Paul McCartney - Put It There (1989 PolyGram Music Video).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #113==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Reader's Digest (1994)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Peter Rabbit/Sam Whiskers by this duplicator had dark printings, which were formatted like this for instance:

'''CS-T47A T-47A'''

'''161-0731/3 10-30-94'''

<gallery>
File:Peter Rabbit & Sam Whiskers (1994 Reader's Digest).jpg|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #114==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Children's Circle (1989)
* Parade Video (1987-1989)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of The Maurice Sendak library by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. '''4 321''').

<gallery>
File:4 321 (The Maurice Sendak Library, 1989 Children's Circle) (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Osborn Video Productions|Osborn Video]]

==Duplicator #115==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* CEL Home Video (Australia) (1987-1991)
* RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video (Australia) (1991)
* Roadshow Home Video (Australia) (1988-1992)

=== How to Tell ===
* Some tapes by this duplicator had a code in the bottom left corner at the beginning of the tape (e.g. '''RS1885''').
* Some tapes by this duplicator also had some text with a date printed over color bars accompanied by a 385hz or 1090hz tone at the end.

<gallery>
File:2677 CMGM.png
File:RS1885.png
File:RS 3058.png
File:Running Scared.png
File:Australia Color Bars 13.png
File:Dinner at Eight.png
File:Australia Color Bars 10.png
File:Australia Color Bars 9.png
File:Australia Color Bars 11.png
File:Australia Color Bars 12.png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #116==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1985) (one known copy of Lots of Luck)

=== How to Tell ===
* At the beginning of one known copy of ''Lots of Luck'' by this duplicator, the following text appeared in the top left corner:

'''REW DUPLICATION'''

'''JW 130685 H MNR'''

'''3771 B'''

<gallery>
File:Rew Duplication (1985).png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #117==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Columbia TriStar Home Video (Australia) (1998-2001)
* Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1995-1999)

=== How to Tell ===
* At the end of some tapes by this duplicator, blue text appeared like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''W 874/875/876 V.'''

Example 2:

'''C 590 V.'''

Example 3:

'''DIS V 018/019 V.'''

'''SYD. 21/02/97.'''

Example 4:

'''F 775/776/

'''777/778 V.'''

* Sometimes, a 1000hz tone was heard over this.

<gallery>
File:Australia VHS Ending (Mulan).png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #118==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Australia) (1998-2005)
* Madman Entertainment (Australia) (2001)
* MGM Home Entertainment (Australia) (2000)
* Miramax/Dimension Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
* Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (Australia) (1995-2006)
* Touchstone Home Entertainment (Australia) (2004)
* Walt Disney Home Entertainment (Australia) (1997-2005)

=== How to Tell ===
* Some tapes by this duplicator had some text printed over color bars accompanied by a 1000hz tone at the end. Here are a few examples of how the text appeared on such tapes:

Example 1:

'''C466V/C467V'''

'''C468V/C469V'''

Example 2:

'''C447V/C448V'''

Example 3:

'''T496V/T497V'''

'''T498V/T469V'''

'''T500/V'''

<gallery>
File:Australia Color Bars 15.png
File:Australia Color Bars 14.png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #119*==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Australia) (1997, 1998, 2000)
* Buena Vista Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
* Columbia TriStar Home Video (Australia) (1996, 1998, 2003)
* Miramax Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
* Roadshow Entertainment (Australia) (1998)
* Touchstone Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
* TV One (Australia) (2000)
* VM Distribution (Australia) (2003)
* Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1993, 1997, 2001)
* Warner Home Video (Australia) (1993, 1999)

=== How to Tell ===
* Some tapes by this duplicator had some text with information (including a date), usually printed over color bars, and usually accompanied by a 1000hz tone at the end. Here are a few examples of how the text appeared on such tapes:

Example 1:

'''Bringing Down The House'''

'''Disney'''

'''Vt7'''

'''R* 22847/1'''

'''Bk's 1,3,7 & 8'''

'''20/11/03'''

Example 2:

'''Chicago'''

'''VT3-BK3,4,7,8'''

'''run 22178/4'''

'''11/8/03'''

Example 3:

'''The'''

'''Magic Princess'''


'''VT5-Bk 8'''

'''R*4897/1'''

'''13/11/98'''


'''CTH'''

Example 4:

'''Fern gully'''

'''fox'''


'''Vt4 to Bk3,6,7 ,8'''

'''Run:24070'''

'''23/4/98'''

Example 5:

'''DISNEY'S'''

'''Beauty and the Beast:'''

'''Enchanted Christmas'''


'''Vt6- Bk 1,3,6,7 & 8'''

'''R*21641'''

'''28/10/97'''

Example 4:

'''The Sound Of Music'''

'''FOX'''


'''D2'''

'''Bnk's 1,3,6,7 & 8'''

'''R*23255'''

'''13/3/98'''

Example 5:

'''TITANIC'''


'''D2'''

'''Bk 2,3,6,7,8'''

'''R*1045/12'''

'''3/7/98'''


'''FOX'''

* Some tapes lack the color bars and tone, with the text appearing over a black screen instead. Some others use the color bars, but no tone.

<gallery>
File:THREE MEN AND A LITTLE LADY.gif|Sometimes, the title blinked.
File:THE SWORD IN THE STONE.png
File:EVERY WHICH WAY BUT LOOSE.png
File:DISNEY'S BASIL THE GREAT MOUSE DETECTIVE.png
File:POISON IVY.png
File:THREE MUSKETEERS.png
File:The Santa Clause (1995).png
File:The Jerky Boys.png
File:Mad Love.png
File:Disney's Classic Robin Hood.png
File:A GOOFY MOVIE.png
File:Pocahontas Color Bars.png
File:Dumbo (1996).png
File:Starring Pluto.png
File:Walt Disney's Classic Toy Story.png
File:Walt Disneys the Hunchback of Notre Dame.png
File:Twelfth Night.png
File:Oliver & Company.png
File:Broken Arrow.png
File:THE ROCK.png
File:Muppet Treasure Island.png
File:Beauty & The Beast - ENCHANTED CHRISTMAS.png
File:THE RESCUERS.png
File:Dumbo (1997).png
File:Hercules Color Bars.png
File:Alice Doesn't live here anymore.png
File:POOHS GRAND ADVENTURE.png
File:Lady & The Tramp.png
File:Champions.png
File:Nothing to lose.png
File:Belles Magical world.png
File:Mary Poppins Behind The Scenes.png
File:Pete's Dragon.png
File:Toothless.png
File:LION KING II simba's pride.png
File:The full Monty.png
File:LION KING II simba's pride 2.png
File:Theres Something About Mary.png
File:Parent Trap.png
File:MULAN Color Bars.png
File:Thomas - Bumper 2.png
File:12 Angry Men.png
File:A Bug's Life.png
File:Thomas Vol 15.png
File:TARZAN.png
File:Runaway Bride.png
File:Toy Story - with Making Of (2000).png
File:Sleeping Beauty.png
File:Annie.png
File:An extremely Goofy movie.png
File:The Tigger Movie.png
File:Toy Story II.png
File:Mickey's once upon a Xmas.png
File:Inspector Gadget.png
File:Disney's Lady and the Tramp 2.png
File:Pinocchio.png
File:Disney's Dinosaur.png
File:102 Dalmations.png
File:Toy Story - with Making Of (2001).png
File:The Insider Color Bars.png
File:Pooh seasons of giving.png
File:Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs.png
File:The Emperor's New Groove.png
File:Captain Corelli's Mandolin.png
File:Atlantis- The Lost Empire.png
File:The Princess Diaries.png
File:Recess schools out.png
File:K-Pax.png
File:PETER PAN RETURN TO NEVERLAND.png
File:Super troopers.png
File:Thomas Compile Vol 5.png
File:Sorority boys.png
File:Cinderella 2 Dreams Come True.png
File:The santa clause (2002).png
File:LILO & STITCH.png
File:INSOMNIA.png
File:Treasure Planet.png
File:Disney Fables 2.png
File:George Of The Jungle 2.png
File:Tarzan & Jane.png
File:Disney Fables Vol 3.png
File:Disney Fables Vol 4.png
File:25th Hour.png
File:Stitch! The Movie.png
File:PIGLET'S BIG MOVIE.png
File:FINDING NEMO.png
File:A Guy Thing.png
File:A View From The Top.png
File:Lizzie mcguire movie.png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #120==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Chuck Snyder & Associates (1991)

=== How to Tell ===
* Two known tapes by this duplicator had the number '''60''' (possibly indicating tape length) stamped in white above the record tab, which was intact. There was no other form of printing on these tapes aside from this.
* Said tapes had oversized reels.

<gallery>
File:DSC01918.JPG|The printing on tapes by this duplicator, these two being both volumes of The Stan Boreson Show: KING's Klubhouse.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[American Production Services]]
* [[Melody Productions]]
* [[Premiere America Inc.]]
* [[Western Video Services, Inc.]]

==Duplicator #121==
===List of Known Customers===
* Interactive VCR Games (1986) (some copies of the tape inside ''NFL: The VCR Quarterback Game'')
===How to Tell===
* Some copies of the tape for ''NFL: The VCR Quarterback Game'' by this duplicator had white printings on the bottom middle side, starting with '''INSPECTED''', followed by three or four numbers.
<gallery>
File:The VCR Quarterback Game (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>
===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #122==
===List of Known Customers===
* Magnolia Home Entertainment (2012) (some copies of V/H/S)
===How to Tell===
* Some copies of V/H/S by this duplicator had white printings on the bottom middle side, like the example in the picture below.
<gallery>
File:VHS (as in the 2012 Film) (2012 Magnolia Home Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg|In this picture, the printings may be hard to see, because of the angle in which the photo was taken.
</gallery>
===Possible Candidates===
* [[Allied Vaughn]]

==Duplicator #123==
===List of Known Customers===
* BPI, Inc. (1988)
===How to Tell===
* Tapes from this duplicator had a white sticker on the tape guard which had a print date, and the information on it was formatted like this for example:

'''BRANDMEIR'''

'''0041839 00D001'''

'''11/20/88 - 3827'''

<gallery>
File:Jonathon Brandmeier - The Concert (1988 BPI, Inc.) (eBay Photo).png
</gallery>
===Possible Candidates===
* [[VCA-Teletronics]]

==Duplicator #124==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Simitar Entertainment (1994-1997)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had upside down white printings on the right side on the cassette shell (e.g. '''OT0225''', '''PT0222''', or '''PT1253''').

<gallery>
File:Street Rods (All Three Tapes) (1994 Simitar Entertainment, eBay Photo).png|An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. Three tapes are shown in this example, which were part of a three tape set.
File:The Best of Inside Monster Jam (1997 Simitar Entertainment, eBay Photo).png|Another example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===
* [[Precision Powerhouse|Precision Tapes Inc.]]

==Duplicator #125==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Simitar Entertainment (1985)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated here had a white sticker on the tape guard with text on it, like this for instance:

'''VICTIMS'''

'''0000000 000000'''

<gallery>
File:Victims! (1985 Simitar Entertainment, eBay Photo).png|An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
</gallery>

===Possible Candidates===

==Duplicator #126==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known tape from this duplicator had the tape length stamped in yellow above the record tab spot.

<gallery>
File:T-30 (Bee Smart Baby Vocabulary Builder 1, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #127==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* MGM/UA Home Video (1998)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes duplicated by this company had a white sticker with information, a print date, and barcodes on both sides. The information and print date were enclosed in a grey background on the sticker, and the information was formatted like this for example:

'''LITTLE CAESAR'''

'''<big>F74063-00 - 1</big>'''

'''MG6148 084:03'''

'''206148 L - 4'''

'''04-28-98 08:34:07'''

'''<big>59-008-2</big>

* One known copy of Little Caesar by this duplicator also had '''MGM''' engraved in gold on the left side of the tape shell.

<gallery>
File:Little Caesar (1998 MGM UA Home Video).jpg
File:MGM (Little Caesar, 1998 MGM UA Home Video).jpg|The MGM engraving on the above mentioned tape.
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[MediaCopy, Inc.]]

==Duplicator #128==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1986)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea that was duplicated by this company had a white sticker with information, which was formatted like this for example:

'''29556/86232'''

'''101080/E130'''

<gallery>
File:20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1986 Walt Disney Home Video and Roadshow Home Video).png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Roadshow Home Video (Duplicator)|Roadshow Home Video]]

==Duplicator #129==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1989) (one known copy of Wee Sing in Sillyville)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Wee Sing in Sillyville by this duplicator had a number printed in white on the left-hand side of the bottom middle side (e.g. '''65'''), possibly indicating tape length.
* Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

<gallery>
File:65 (Wee Sing in Sillyville, 1989 Price Stern Sloan Video).png
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #130==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Price/Stern/Sloan Video (one known copy of Wee Sing Together)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Wee Sing Together by this duplicator had printings on the back of the cassette shell, like the example below.

<gallery>
File:Wee Sing Together (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #131==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Zondervan Video (1992)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Quigley's Village: The Great Treehouse Disaster by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

'''QV-25'''

'''96038'''

<gallery>
File:QV-25 96038 (Quigley's Village - The Great Treehouse Disaster) (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #132==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Charles Smiley Presents (1998)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Donner Pass Thunder by this duplicator had white printings (e.g. '''HQ T-105 0540''').

<gallery>
File:Donner Pass Thunder (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #133==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Lightwave Publishing Inc. (1995)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of LWTV Episode One: The Demo by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

'''PRO-35'''

<gallery>
File:LWTV Episode One - The Demo (1995 Lightwave Publishing Inc., eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #134==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Unknown, but it was the distributor of Miniature World Souvenir Video

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Miniature World Souvenir Video by this duplicator had the following yellow printings:

'''HQ-32 04/22/98 C'''

<gallery>
File:Miniature World (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #135==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* The City of White Rock Museum and Archives

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of White Rock: The Rail Story by this duplicator had the following yellow printings:

'''S S V P CUSTOM LOADED SUPERSUITE 1 888 833 7338 06/30/00 G'''

'''HS-30'''

<gallery>
File:White Rock - The Rail Story (The City of White Rock Museum and Archives, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #136==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Connoisseur Video Collection (1988) (one known copy of Black Orpheus)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Black Orpheus by this duplicator had the following white printings on the back of the tape shell:

'''1001'''

<gallery>
File:1001 (Black Orpheus, 1988 Connoisseur Video Collection, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #137==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Teton Gravity Research

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator have white printings (e.g. '''3M T-35 3079''').

<gallery>
File:Area 51 (Teton Gravity Research) (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #138==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* BFS Video (one known copy of The Man Who Cried)
* Video Services Corp. (one known copy of The Tom Green Show: Something Smells Funny)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator have white printings (e.g. '''DT-60 00528290'''

<gallery>
File:The Tom Green Show - Something Smells Funny (Video Service Corp., eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #139==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Children's Circle (1989)

=== How to Tell ===
* Tapes by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. '''429''' or '''2 400''').

<gallery>
File:429 (Favorite Halloween Stories, Children's Circle).jpg
File:2 400 (Owl Moon, Children's Circle).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Osborn Video Productions|Osborn Video]]

==Duplicator #139==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Feature Films for Families (one known copy of Windwalker)
=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Windwalker by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. '''31 61024943017''').

<gallery>
File:Windwalker (Feature Films for Families, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===
* [[Osborn Video Productions|Osborn Video]]

==Duplicator #140==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Mack Dawg Productions (one known copy of The Resistance)
=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of The Resistance by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot (this example is somewhat worn off, so some of it may be incorrect:

'''T-31-410'''

'''WO#14813'''

<gallery>
File:The Resistance (Mack Dawg Productions, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #141==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Children's Circle (1990) (one known copy of Doctor De Soto and other stories)

=== How to Tell ===
* The above mentioned tape does not have any form of printing or anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it does have a black screen test pattern with a 400hz tone at the end.

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #142==

=== List of Known Customers ===
* Children's Circle (one known copy of Doctor De Soto and other stories)

=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of ''Doctor De Soto and other stories'' had a white sticker on the bottom middle side, with the following text on it:

'''039896.001 105536'''

'''DR. DESOTO'''

'''2195 177/89'''

<gallery>
File:Dr. DeSoto (Children's Circle, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>

=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #143==
'''This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.'''
=== List of Known Customers ===
* American Yellow Pages
=== How to Tell ===
* One known tape from this duplicator had some numbers engraved above the record tab spot, as shown in the picture below.
<gallery>
File:American Yellow Pages (eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>
=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #144==
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Wilson Combat (1997)
=== How to Tell ===
* One known tape from this duplicator had white printings, as shown in the picture below.
<gallery>
File:Basic Self-Defense Handgun Use & Safety Volume 2 (1997 Wilson Combat, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>
=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #145==
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Simitar Entertainment (one known copy of Doowop Rides)
=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Doowop Rides from this duplicator had a dark stamp on the bottom middle side as shown in the picture below.
<gallery>
File:Doowop Rides (Simitar Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg|Keep in mind that it may be a bit hard to see in this image.
</gallery>
=== Possible Candidates ===

==Duplicator #146==
=== List of Known Customers ===
* Academy Entertainment (one known copy of Nitti: The Enforcer)
=== How to Tell ===
* One known copy of Nitti: The Enforcer from this duplicator had black upside down printings as shown in the picture below.
<gallery>
File:Nitti - The Enforcer (Academy Entertainment, eBay Photo).jpg
</gallery>
=== Possible Candidates ===

==Other duplicators to be identified==
There are still several duplicators that have yet to be identified, many of which their tapes did not have any kind of printing on the cassette, anything in the vertical blanking interval or anything at the end, not even following the static, and others which may simply not have any known specimens in the hands of the wiki's userbase. Here is a list of labels/distributors that have duplicated their tapes at such unknown companies, and the known periods of time they were the duplication companies' clients:

* 10th Ave. Video
* 100% Educational Videos
* 21st Genesis Home Video
* 3 Star Releasing
* 4 Star Home Video (1989)
* Abba Dabba Productions, LLC (2001)
* A Couple 'A Cowboys (1995) (''Atmosfear: The Harbingers'')
* Acclaim Entertainment Inc. (1987)
* Acorn Video
* Active Home Video
* AdultX
* Aid Association for Lutherans (1987-2001, although this could have been possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* AIMS Multimedia
* Allied Artists Video (1984-2005) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* All Sports Entertainment, Inc. (1989)
* Anchor Bay Entertainment (2004-2006)
* AnimEigo (199?-1994) (this could possibly have just been Cine Magnetics)
* APL International Inc. (1993-1994) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Arcade Pictures/CNR Video (Netherlands) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Ardustry Home Entertainment
* Artisan Home Entertainment (1999-2002, for a few tapes, such as some copies of ''Alice in Wonderland'', ''Dinotopia'', ''Dune'', ''Lonesome Dove'' and ''The 10th Kingdom'', although this could possibly be more than one duplicator)
* Artists Attack
* Artist View Entertainment
* Astronics Tele-Cine Ltd.
* The Asylum Home Entertainment
* Atlas Entertainment Corporation (1992)
* Avalanche Home Entertainment (1999-2000)
* AVEC
* Azteca Pictures
* Aztlan Media (some copies of ''Dos Camionetas Blindadas'')
* Babyscapes, Inc.
* The Baby School Company, Inc. (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Barr Entertainment
* Benson Music Group (1993)
* Best Film and Video Corp. (some tapes)
* Big Top Video
* Blay Video/Embassy Home Entertainment (1981-1984)
* Blazing Arrow Entertainment (1998)
* Body Buddy Inc. Productions
* Brain Damage Films
* The Brainy Baby Company, LLC.
* Brass Eagle, Inc. (some tapes)
* The Bridgestone Group (????-????) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
** Agapeland Home Video (????-????)
* Brentwood Home Video
* Brimstone Productions (1995)
* Broadman & Holman Publishers
* Burbank Video (1983-1989)
* Burning Moon Home Video
* Budget Video
* Camp Video
* Canal+ Video (France) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Capstone Entertainment
* Cascom Home Video
* CBS Music Video Enterprises/Columbia Music Video (1988-1992) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* CBS Video Library (1981-1982)
* Cerebellum Corporation (2000, 2002) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* ChoiceMark Corp. (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Children's Television Workshop (some ''Shalom Sesame'' tapes) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Children's Video of America (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Chiron Industries
* Chronicle Videocassettes
* Cinema Home Video
* Cinemathex Collection
* City Lights Home Video
* Classic Family Entertainment
* Colorado Division of Wildlife (1990)
* Comedy III Productions
* Command Home Video
* Communications Diversified (1989)
* Complete Entertainment Inc.
* Concord Video
* Connor Toy Corporation (1987)
* Creative Communication Center (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Crest (2003-2004) (''Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure'') (although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* The Criterion Collection
* CRIZMAC Art and Cultural Education Materials, Inc. (2001)
* Crocus Entertainment (1989) (this could possibly have been a Minnesota-based duplicator)
* DAVAURA Inc. (1992)
* Davis/Panzer Productions
* Dead Alive Productions
* DEJ Productions (1998-1999, 2000)
* DG Distributors
* Diamond Entertainment (1988-1989)
* Dino & Rocco (1994)
* D.I.N. (Do it Now), Inc. (2001)
* Direct Source Special Products Inc.
* Direct Video (1988-1990)
* Discount Video Tapes
* Dollywood (1995)
* Dreamland Home Video
* Duratape, Inc.
* Eagle Rock Entertainment (this could possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* Early Advantage Programs for Children
* Easyriders Home Video (1995)
* Eaton Entertainment
* Edde Entertainment
* Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999-2004, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* Elektra Entertainment
* El Matador (2003)
* Esquire Video (India)
* ESPN Home Video (1989-1993)
* Essex Video
* Even Steven Productions
* EVG Digital Entertainment
* Excalibur Films
* Excellent Video
* Expanded Entertainment
* Extravaganza Productions (1993)
* Family Entertainment Network (1992)
* Family Express Video
* Fantasy Home Video (1986-1991)
* Fat Dog Productions
* First Look Home Entertainment (one duplicator from 1999-2000, another from 2001-2004, and yet another from 2005-2006)
* Filmax (Spain) (this could have possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Films for the Humanities and Sciences (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Film Threat Video
* Filmways Home Video/Filmpac Home Video (Australia)
* Finley Holiday Films
* Fisher Price (''Little People'' and ''Rescue Heroes'' tapes)
* Fotodisk Video
* Fred Levine Productions
* Fries Home Video (1989-1992)
* Front Row Entertainment
* FUNimation Entertainment (1999-2000, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Futura Home Video (1995)
* Gameplan/Artranch (1994)
* Gameplan Video (2003)
* Gary Semics Motocross School, Inc.
* Gateway Learning Corporation (1998) (''Hooked on Phonics Introductory Video'')
* Gateway Films/Vision Video
* Gator Home Entertainment (2001-2004)
* Genius Products, Inc. (1999)
* Go Cat (1993)
* GoodTimes Home Video (some copies of ''Six Hours of Spurs and Saddles'')
* Gorgon Video
* Gospel Films Video
* Gospel Light Video (this could possibly have been just been Matrix Video)
* GPN
* Grandfather Reads LLC (1999)
* GRB Entertainment (some copies of ''War Dogs: America's Forgotten Heroes'')
* Grindhouse Releasing (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Gruppo Ricordi Video (Italy) (this could have possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Guthy Renker Video
* GWN Video
* Haber Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Halestorm Entertainment (2003) (The R.M.)
* Hallmark Home Entertainment (1995) (the demo VHS of ''The Madness of King George'')
* Harmony Vision (1981-1983)
* Hart Sharp Video (2002-2007, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Hemdale Home Video (1991-1995, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* High Video
* Hip Hop Slam Video (1999)
* HIS Video
* Hollywood's Attic
* Hollywood Products
* Home Mission Board
* Home Vision Entertainment (this could possibly have just been Allied Film & Video)
* Hosca Home Video Production (1987)
* HPG Home Video
* HV Films (1999)
* Iguana Producciones (1996)
* Image Entertainment
* Image Home Video (1986)
* Indigo Entertainment, Inc.
* In-Fisherman Video
* Inspired Corporation
* Interactive VCR Games
* International Video Network (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* International Multimedia Yearbooks
* Jeremiah Films
* JM Marketing
* John I. Bailey
* K5 International (Canada)
* Karl Video Corporation (1981-1982)
* KB Releasing
* KCNC-TV Denver
* Kidmark, Inc. (unrelated to the children's sub-division of Trimark Home Video)
* King World Direct
* Kino on Video (1989-1999; 2001-2003) (from 2001-2003, some tapes) (this could possibly have just been DXB Video Tapes)
* Knopf Video Books (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* KnoWhutImean? Home Video
* Koch Vision
* Kodak Video Programs
* K-TEL Video (1984)
* LA Production Group
* LA Video Corporation
* Laguna Films
* LawrenceVision 3D (1993) (the non-Avon print of ''Goldilocks & the 3 Bears in 3-D'')
* Leisure View Video (UK)
* Leucadia Family Films
** Sandstar Family Entertainment
* Lightyear Entertainment (1993)
* Lightworks Audio & Video (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Lobo Pictures
* Liguori Publishing (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Little Mammoth Media (1997)
* Lumivision (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Lutheran Brotherhood (1992-2001, although this could have been possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Macrovision
* Madacy Entertainment Group (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Madison Square Garden Home Video
* Malibu Graphics, Inc.
* Manhattan Entertainment (some tapes)
* Mark IV Pictures
* Marshmallow Media Group
* Master Communications
* MasterVision (1981-1988, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* Mattel Games (1992) (''Wayne's World VCR Board Game!'')
* Maverick Entertainment (1997-2006) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Maxximum Pics Entertainment (2000)
* MCM Entertainment
* Media Blasters
** Anime Works
* Media West Home Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Medusa Communications (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Michael Weise Productions (1997)
* Million Dollar Video Corporation
* MindStorm Productions
* Miramax Films (1993; 1999) (in 1993, the Academy screener cassette of ''Farewell My Concubine''; in 1999, ''Shakespeare in the Classroom'') (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* The Mirisch Video Company (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* MorningStar Entertainment (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* More Entertainment (1990)
* Morris Video (1984-1990, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* MTI Home Video
* MVP Home Entertainment
* NBC (1994) (some Emmy screener tapes)
* NBR Enterprises
* New & Unique Video (this could have been possibly the client of more than one duplicator)
* New Horizons Home Video/New Concorde (1990-2005) (this could be possibly the client of more than one duplicator)
* New Image Video
* NFL Films Video (1978-1984) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Nick Jr. (1997-1998) (''Blue's Clues: Snacktime and Blue's Clues: Blue's ABC's (Special Teacher's Edition)'') (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* Nikon
* Niles Entertainment (1978)
* Nintendo (1999) (''Pikachu's Winter Vacation'')
* NOW Video (1992)
* NPS Home Video
* O Entertainment (1999)
* Oregon Sports Network (2002)
* Orson Video (India)
* Pak Entertainment (1994)
* Pamplin Entertainment
* Panorama International
* Parade Video
* Parker Brothers (1985, 1987, 1993) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* Paws & Play Games (1994)
* Peerless Films (1986)
* Planet Video (1982-1983)
* Platinum Disc Corporation (1998-2001; 2004-2005) (from 2004-2005, releases printed in the USA) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* Platinum Productions Inc.
* Playboy Home Video
** Eros Collection
* Playhouse Disney (''Jojo's Circus Special Teacher's Edition'' and ''Little Einsteins: Climb Aboard and Get Ready to Explore!'') (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* PM Entertainment Group Inc.
* Pressman (1986)
* Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1985-1989, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Private Screenings/Luna Video (1984-1990, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Quality X Video Cassette Company
* Quest Entertainment
* Questar Home Video (1998) (one known copy of ''The Great Sioux Uprising'')
* Rabbit Ears Productions (1990-1991) (some tapes distributed by MCA Distributing Corporation/Uni Distribution Corporation)
* Radar Communications Inc. (2001)
* Rae Don Home Video (1988-1990, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Rainbow Entertainment (Australia) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Raven Releasing (1998)
* Raven Video (some copies of ''Scream the Wolf'')
* Reader's Digest Home Entertainment (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Reel Gore Productions (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Red Tape Productions (UK)
* Replay Home Entertainment
* RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video (some 1990-1991 demo tapes)
* RCA Victor Video (1992)
* RPTA Video (UK)
* Rupicola VCR Games (1990)
* Saturn Productions, Inc.
* Schlessinger Media (2000) (one known copy of ''Beowulf'')
* Scholastic (2002) (''Clifford the Big Red Dog: A New Friend'')
* SCI, Inc. (1999)
* SCI Productions
* Score Productions (1990)
* Screen Media Films (2002-2003) (some copies of ''Looking for an Echo'', ''Rock My World'' and ''Pete's Meteor'') (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Screen Pix Home Video
* Second City Video (1978)
* Sega of America
* SGE Home Video (1989-1991)
* Shadow Entertainment (some copies of ''Birthrite'')
* Shine Home Entertainment (1991)
* Shokus Video
* Sideshow Cinema
* Silver Lake Home Video (1995)
* Singing Babies Co. I, LLC. (2000)
* Sinistar Entertainment (1999)
* SISU Home Entertainment (some tapes)
* SkyRiver Films Alaska (1994)
* SlingShot Entertainment (2002)
* Soho Productions
* SouthGate Entertainment (1989-1991)
* Spartan Home Entertainment
* Spectrum Films (1997-2000) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Spinmaker Video (1986-1988) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* SRO Video/Opening Night Productions/Curtain Call Productions (1981-1985)
* Star Licks
* Sterling Home Entertainment
* Strand Releasing Home Video (1998-2001, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Studio Entertainment (1988-1990)
* Studio Home Entertainment (2000-2001)
* Stuttering Foundation of America (1996)
* Summit Media
* Sunburst Visual Media
* Sundance Channel Home Entertainment (2004) (''In This World'' and ''Die Mommie Die!'') (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Sunrise Productions, LLC
* Super Video Inc.
* Sylvan Learning Center (2002)
* Syme Home Video (Australia)
* Taunton Books & Video (1990)
* Teacher's Video Company
* Tempe Video (1997)
* Terra Entertainment
* Tesla Memorial Society
* TF1 Video (France)
* Third Coast Entertainment (1994)
* Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (2002-2006, although this could have been possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* TLC Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* TM Books & Video
* TMW Media Group (2000)
* Today Home Entertainment (1986-1988)
* Together in the Harvest Ministries, Inc. (1999)
* Tommy Nelson
* Trans World Entertainment (1984-1989)
* Triboro Entertainment Group
* Tri-Line Entertainment (1996)
* Trinity Home Entertainment (2001)
* Trolley Car Record and Filmworks
* Troma Team Video (2001)
* TSR Inc. (1993)
* Tycoon Home Video (Mexico)
* Unicorn Video
* United Home Video (1984-1986)
* Urban Classics Video (1987-1988)
* UrbanWorks Entertainment (2002)
* USA Home Entertainment (2001-2002)
* VCI Entertainment
* VCII (this could possibly have shared its duplicator with Video Cassette X-Rated)
* Vidcrest
* Video Cassette Games, Inc. (1987)
* Video City Productions (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Video Classics (Australia) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Video Club of America
* Video Film Organization (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Video Marketing Services
* Video Programme Distributors (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* VideoTours (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Video Yesteryear
* Vidtape Inc.
* Voyager Entertainment
* Velocity Home Entertainment (2004-2005)
* ViaGrafix Corporation (1999)
* Vidco: The Video Company
* Video Collectibles Corporation
* VideoSonic (Greece) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
* Vision Factory (some copies of Embalmer)
* Visionsmiths
* Viva Video
* Voxcorp Inc. (2002)
* Walt Disney Home Entertainment (2004) (''Toon Pals'' sampler tapes)
* Water Bearer Films
* Wellspring Media (1994-1999) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Wolfe Video
* Woodhaven Entertainment
* Word Ministry Resources
* World Video Pictures/Western World Video (1983-1989, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
* World Wrestling Entertainment Home Video (one duplicator from 1997-1999, and another from 2004-2005)
* Xebec Home Video
* YES! Entertainment Corporation (1993) (''TV Teddy'' tapes)
* York Home Video/York Entertainment (1990-2004) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
* Young Generation Video
* Zane Entertainment Group

=== Distributors that likely self-duplicated ===
* Caballero Control Corporation
* Kartes Video Communications/KVC Home Video (1984-1993)
* Sinister Cinema
* Something Weird Video
* VCA Pictures
* Video Cassette X-Rated
* Video Warehouse, Inc.

== Vertical Blanking Interval Tags from Other Unknown Duplicators ==
'''NOTE: Do NOT move any of these tags, even those where a duplicator has been possibly identified, until you can obtain concrete confirmation from other sources such as the individuals who originally captured the VBIs, via good pictures of the cassette proper at the relevant view or another method.'''

<gallery>
File:Sing And Dance With Barney Screener Video (1999 Lyrick Studios).jpg|Codes like this were used at the beginning and end of tapes by a few duplicators, such as a few tapes by Allied Digital Technologies and one known tape each from duplicators #33 and #97 mentioned above. There may be one duplicator that used codes like this, though.
</gallery>

[[Category:Duplicators]]

Latest revision as of 04:55, 4 July 2024

The following is a list of unknown duplicators. Once a duplicator in this list is identified, it should be removed from the list and a page should be created for it.

Duplicator numbers marked * are known to be Macrovision customers.

Duplicator #1[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Montgomery Ward (one known copy of Rudolph: Lessons for Life)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Rudolph: Lessons for Life duplicated by this company had dark printings in the following format: 10962138 29572 RUDOLPHS LESSONS.
  • Said tape also had a few extra seconds of black screen following the blank space at the tail end.
  • An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #2[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Columbia TriStar Home Video (1994) (as confirmed by one copy of a Really Wild Animals screening cassette)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of a Really Wild Animals screening cassette from this duplicator had a print date in dark ink, with the printings being formatted like this for example:

PAL-200 MMM 17:25 04/25/94

T-140

  • Said tape has shuffling color bars at the end.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #3[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Disney Institute (1997)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had printings (e.g. 4457-5 IP).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #4[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • ByGone Video (1999)
  • Cotton Patch Productions (2003)
  • Gary Semics Motocross School, Inc.
  • Green Frog Productions, Ltd.
  • OGR Publishing
  • Palm Pictures (2004) (one known copy of Demonlover)
  • TBD, but it was the distributor of First Fun with French in North America

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had white printings, which were formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

PT-45 EMT/HG 306 A102 0627 P.B.

Example 2:

T-120 SG/TO-NS A102 0624 P.B.

Example 3:

PT-75 BASF/HG 195 A100 0721 P.B.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #5[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Marathon Music & Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had white printings (e.g. 40 99).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #6[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Bob Ross Inc.

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had white printings (e.g. T-120 B/SHG 0285 C A298 0828 H.E).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #7[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Children's Video of America, Inc.
  • Family Films, Ltd.
  • Shimano (one known copy of Shimano's 1991 New Product Video)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had a number printed above the record tab spot in white ink (e.g. 48).
  • Much like most tapes by Cassette Productions, one known copy of Treasure Island by this duplicator also had a few extra seconds of black screen following the blank space at the tail end, accompanied by a rumbling sound in the linear track.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #8[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Crash Cinema
  • Polartec

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like this for example:

10607

2400733

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #9[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Verizon (2001)
  • WGBH (1996)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like this for example:

HSV

T-30

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #10[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Gaiam (2001)
  • Wet Cement Productions Inc. (2001) (some copies of Ewe Know: Do EWE Sing?)
  • World Wide Pictures Home Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. ZAMPERINI 889088).
  • An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like. Please note it may be a bit hard to see in this image.

    An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like. Please note it may be a bit hard to see in this image.

  • On one known copy of Gaiam: Pilates Bodyband Workout by this duplicator, the VBI code looked something like this.

    On one known copy of Gaiam: Pilates Bodyband Workout by this duplicator, the VBI code looked something like this.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #11*[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • AIMS Multimedia
  • Lightning Dubbs

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had a print date in dark ink, with the printings being formatted like this for example:

T-30 SI JUN 06 02 04 : 45 M A D E I N U S A

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #12[edit]

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • A&M Video
  • Campus USA (1987)
  • Major League Baseball Home Video (1988)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had white or purple upside-down printings above the record tab spot (e.g. 5x47).
  • Some other tapes by this duplicator also had dark printings on the left side of the tape (e.g. 170717).
  • Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #13*[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Wide-Eyed Learning (2003)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of The Treasure Chest: Toys & Signs from this duplicator had a number printed above the record tab spot in white ink (e.g. 34).
  • One known copy of The Treasure Chest: Toys & Signs from this duplicator had a silent white screen test pattern at the end after several seconds of black screen, followed by some more black screen.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #14[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot (e.g. T29 2).
  • Said tape also had a silent white screen test pattern for a split second at the end.
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #15[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Baby Playtime, Inc. (2000)
  • Chair Dancing International, Inc.
  • EKA Productions (1997)
  • Unknown, but it was the distributor of The New Barbarians: Training Children to Kill)
  • Virgin Records America (2001)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like the following examples:

Example 1:

T31G0M

Example 2:

T21SAIM

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #16[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Acorn Media (2004)
  • Family Home Entertainment (2000) (some copies of Baby Shakespeare)
  • Showtime Entertainment (2004)
  • TLA Releasing (2003) (one known copy of Endgame)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink, like in the examples shown in the below pictures.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #17[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Velocity Home Entertainment (2003)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed in white ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #18*[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Paramount Home Video (1990)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of the 1990 pressing of Top Gun duplicated by this company had information etched onto the tape guard, like this for example:

PAR

78

  • This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #19[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • MCA/Universal Home Video (screener copies)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings beneath the face label, like the following examples:

Example 1:

TAGGET

018599 01 0864

Example 2:

PURE LUCK

020664 03 0621

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #20[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • American Home Treasures (Canada)
  • Cloud Ten Pictures (Canada)
  • kaBOOM! Entertainment Inc. (2001)
  • Sony Wonder (Canada) (2000, 2005)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings like these for example:

HQ

T-40 3103032255 4

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #21[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Paulist Press

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company did not have any form of printing on the cassette, although some tapes were duplicated on cassettes manufactured by Fujifilm.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #22[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • GPN

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings like these for example:

EMTEC 20780080

T-30

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #23[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • KCTS Television

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company do not have any form of printing on the cassette, nor do they have anything in the vertical blanking interval.
  • Some tapes duplicated by this company may have the master visibly stopping at the end, followed by black screen.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #24[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Karen Pryor Clicker Training

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Puppy Love: Raise Your Dog the Clicker Way from this duplicator had white printings (e.g. T-35 SG 693C C105 0727 H.M.).
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it did have a blue screen with "L-1" in the top left corner at the end.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #25[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • The Bridgestone Group (1988)
  • Multnomah Productions (1991)
  • Omega Entertainment (1986)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. BS 040621).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #26[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment (2004-2005) (demo tapes)
  • Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (2005-2006) (demo tapes)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink (sometimes with "3M" in the printings), like in the examples shown in the below pictures.
  • Some tapes from this duplicator also had a silent white screen test pattern at the end.
  • Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #27[edit]

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator, as the way the numbers are printed in the second photo below looks a bit different than the first one.

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Englewood Entertainment (1999)
  • FUNimation Productions Inc. (2000)
  • GPN
  • KRMA-TV Denver Six
  • VCI Home Video (2000, 2006)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had seven numbers engraved above the record tab spot. Take a look at the following examples:

Example 1:

4351090

Example 2:

6038115

  • One known copy of The Fighting Sullivans by this duplicator has a silent white screen test pattern at the end.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #28[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Oregon Public Broadcasting (1997)
  • Palmer/Pletsch
  • SyndHonda Cinema Productions (2002)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had a two digit number printed in dark ink above the record tab spot (e.g. 65), possibly indicating tape length.
  • Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #29[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (2001)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had yellow printings on the right side of the tape shell (e.g. 10336).
  • One tape by this duplicator was known to have the static roll of death at the end.
  • This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #30[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Barron's Home Video
  • General Mills (1995) ("Best Of" Seinfeld 100th Episode)
  • Pearson Prentice Hall (some copies of World History Video Program series)
  • Peter Pan Industries (1990s)
    • Parade Video (1990s)
  • Random House Home Video (The Berenstain Bears videos sponsored by Long John Silver's)
  • Sony Music Entertainment (1996-1998)
  • Small Fry Productions
  • Weston Woods (1996)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the right side of the cassette shell, like the following examples:

Example 1:

5324 1

Example 2:

286065

Example 3:

2 6061

Example 4:

6078

Example 5:

26087

Example 6:

1J7370

Example 7:

3B 552

  • Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #31[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Republic Pictures Home Video (1993) (some copies of Playroom)
  • Warner Home Video (1994) (some copies of Dracula: A.D. 1972)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had a white or yellow sticker with information, a print date, and a barcode on it. The information and print date were formatted like this for example:

DRACULA A.D. (1972) WHV

0285337 V25100

09/29/94 S-3 P-X

113-01-7

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #32[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • FUNimation Entertainment (2004) (one known copy of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Secret Origins)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Secret Origins by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. 10 06).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #33[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (UK)
  • Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment (UK) (2002-2004)
  • MGM Home Entertainment (UK)
  • Paramount Home Entertainment (UK) (2002)
  • Reader's Digest (UK)
  • Universal Pictures (UK) (2002-2004)
  • Video Collection International (UK) (2003)
  • Walt Disney Home Video (Saudi Arabia) (2000-2003)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white or dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

2062737 E128 ICE AGE (RETAIL) 10373880

AL3 2909

  • Some tapes by this duplicator also had five DTMF tones at the beginning of the tape, which sound similar to the DTMF tones used by Technicolor in Livonia, Michigan.
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #34[edit]

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Classic Family Entertainment (1984)
  • Magnum Entertainment
  • Machines of Iron (2000)
  • Platinum Productions

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had an orange, blue or red sticker next to the record tab spot, which had some numbers on it (e.g. 114329).
  • Several tapes by this duplicator also had a few numbers printed in white or dark ink on the bottom middle side, like the following examples:

Example 1:

1 60

Example 2:

6 105

Example 3:

90

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #35[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • GPN

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings on the bottom middle side or the tape guard (e.g. T30 93342).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #36[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Home Video (Mexico) (1996)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings, which were formatted like this for example:

01A1504 ALICIA EN EL PAIS DE LAS

T-080 27/02/96 02 0299 B MARAVILLAS

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #37[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Home Entertainment (Greece) (2002)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

105 AVE 2848

1385 2A

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #38[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • CIC Video (UK) (1988)
  • Warner Home Video (UK) (1990)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings (e.g. E105 0202 CL1 BATTERIES NOT INCLUDED).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #39[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • MGM/UA Home Video (France) (1998)
  • Universal Pictures (France) (2001)
  • Warner Home Video (France) (2000)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

E132 557998 4 E 023 5P926

23H41

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #40[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Belgium) (2002)
  • Columbia TriStar Home Video (Germany) (2002)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had a barcode sticker on the tape guard. This barcode had 16 numbers. Below it, there was information (e.g. E83/E94/C/271202 3 02).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #41[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • U.S. Renditions (1990-1994)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the spine, with a tape length (e.g. "T60", seen on any program duplicated on 60-minute tape) above the record tab; not much is known about the printings on the spine as of yet, though one appears to be a date code (e.g. "081391", taken from a copy of Appleseed), and another, to its right, is a time code (e.g. "02:43", taken from a copy of Outlanders).
  • Some tapes up to around 1992 did not have any printings at all.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #42*[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • MCA/Universal Home Video (1994) (some copies of Beethoven's 2nd)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had information etched onto the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. MCA-423-22837).
  • This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • This is what the VBI on tapes from this company was like, with the Macrovision signal in it.

    This is what the VBI on tapes from this company was like, with the Macrovision signal in it.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #43[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Campus Crusade for Christ International
  • Sit and Be Fit

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had information in the vertical blanking interval, like the following examples:

Example 1:

WAC 3105

Example 2:

WAC 3001

  • An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

    An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #44[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Blockbuster Video (1995) (some copies of Victor Borge's Funniest Moments)
  • Bullfrog Films (1995) (one known copy of Billion Dollar Crop)
  • Children's Circle
  • CVM (1996)
  • Four Seasons Productions (2002) (one known copy of Quest for the Grail)
  • GMG Productions (2000)
  • VideoTours (one known copy each of Biltmore Estate and San Diego Zoo)
  • Weston Woods (1998)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Most tapes duplicated by this company had a sticker on the right side of the cassette shell, with information on it like the following examples:

Example 1:

M5G9860

Example 2:

16F6872

  • Some early tapes also had a number stamped in dark ink above the record tab spot (e.g. 30 9).
  • Several later tapes had white printings like the following examples:

Example 1:

T40-A

Example 2:

T30 BC

  • On one known copy of Billion Dollar Crop by this duplicator, the printings are repeated on the right-hand side of bottom middle side.
  • One known copy of Victor Borge's Funniest Moments by this duplicator, however, did not have any of these credentials, but still had the vertical blanking interval code format mentioned below.
  • At the beginning and end of tapes by this duplicator, there was also a date in the vertical blanking interval, accompanied by a clock. The information was formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

8·04·91 [clock]

Example 2:

0·07·00 [clock]

Example 3:

2·17· [clock]

Example 4:

10·30·90 [clock]

  • One known copy of Biltmore Estate by this duplicator had the static roll of death at the end.
  • An example of what the printings on early tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on early tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • An example of what the printings on later tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on later tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • An example of what the sticker on most tapes by this duplicator looked like. The color of the sticker varied by tape; this picture shows a light blue sticker.

    An example of what the sticker on most tapes by this duplicator looked like. The color of the sticker varied by tape; this picture shows a light blue sticker.

  • Another example, showing a green sticker.

    Another example, showing a green sticker.

  • An example of what the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • Another example of this duplicator's VBI code.

    Another example of this duplicator's VBI code.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #45[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Zondervan Video (1992)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator do not have any form of printing on the cassette.
  • At the beginning and end of tapes duplicated by this company, there were four two-digit numbers in the vertical blanking interval, which were separated by colons (e.g. 36:35:45:13).
  • An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

    An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #46[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Chariot Video/David C. Cook Publishing Co.

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had the tape length printed above the record tab spot, as well as a set of eight numbers printed in white on the back of the cassette shell (e.g. 40040211).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #47[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Braveworld Ltd. (UK) (1992)
  • Castle Home Video (UK) (1999)
  • Cinema Club (UK) (2002)
  • Clear Vision Video (UK) (1995-2004)
  • Contender Entertainment Group (UK) (2002-2003)
  • Cromwell Productions Limited (UK) (2000)
  • DD Video (UK)
  • Feature Films for Families (UK)
  • Fremantle Media (UK) (2002)
  • ILC (UK)
  • IVC Video Inc. (UK)
  • Karussell (UK) (1996)
  • Lace International Limited (UK) (1998)
  • Maximum Entertainment (UK) (2004)
  • Medusa Pictures (UK) (2002)
  • M.I.A. Video (UK)
  • Odyssey Video (UK) (2001)
  • Pickwick Video (UK) (1992)
  • PT Video (UK) (2000-2001)
  • The Singing Machine (1993)
  • Star Video Interactive Entertainment Ltd. (UK) (1997)
  • Televideo (UK) (1997)
  • Telstar Video Entertainment (UK) (1994)
  • Tempo Video
  • Tring Video (UK) (1995)
  • Video Collection International (UK) (1999-2002)
  • Warner Music Vision (UK) (1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had a sticker with a date (or batch number in the case of some tapes), "VDC" and a job number. The color of the sticker varied by tape.
  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a batch number. This picture shows an orange sticker.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a batch number. This picture shows an orange sticker.

  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a date. This picture shows a green sticker.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a date. This picture shows a green sticker.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #48[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video (UK) (1991)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had printings (e.g. E108 RVS/R A0803 LL).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #49[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Home Video (1998) (UK) (some copies of Flubber)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had white printings (e.g. FLUBBER BV 232 W/O BVH 630838).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #50[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Warner Home Video (1998) (UK) (some copies of L.A. Confidential)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had a print date, with the printings being formatted like this for example:
                  02/11/98

WHV LA CONFIDENTIAL W/O W592851 R/T 142.11

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #51[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Hanna-Barbera Home Video (1990) (some copies of Hanna-Barbera Command Performance videos, and some others)
  • The Maier Group (1990) (Inspector Gadget videos)
  • National Geographic Society (1990)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company do not have any form of printing on the cassette.
  • Tapes by this duplicator had a number on the left-hand side of the vertical blanking interval at the beginning of the tape (e.g. 02).
  • An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

    An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #52[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • MGM/UA Home Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of The Secret of NIMH by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. T-88 E14799-8719).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #53[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • National Geographic (2008) (one known copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest)

How to Tell[edit]

  • On one known copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest by this company, the only form of printing was the tape length, which was printed in white above the record tab spot.
  • The VBI code on said copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest by this company looked something like this.

    The VBI code on said copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest by this company looked something like this.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #54[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Interglobal Home Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. T40USM AYMSRPM DHG-U-CMI1).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #55[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (UK) (2001)
  • CIC (UK) (1999)
  • Paramount Home Entertainment (UK) (2001)
  • Pathé (1998)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had white printings between an inked barcode, like these two examples:

Example 1:

10015807 [barcode]E83 DL4 2308 10015807 

               RUGRATS - THE MOVIE

Example 2:

20049360 [barcode]E92 RUGRATS IN PARIS MOVIE 2 10232431

BL4 1708


Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #56[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Green Frog Productions, Ltd.

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had white printings (e.g. T-75 ILYA FUJI 1).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #57[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Play Along (2002-2004)

How to Tell[edit]

  • The only form of printing on tapes by this duplicator was PA, printed in white on the back of the cassette shell.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #58[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • The Baby Einstein Company (1999) (one known pressing of Baby Bach)
  • Paramount Home Video (one known Columbia House Video Club pressing of Forrest Gump)
  • PolyGram Video (1998) (one known pressing of The Gingerbread Man)
  • Tai Seng Video Marketing (1999) (one known pressing of First Option)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Look at the following pictures to see examples of what tapes by this duplicator had in the VBI at the beginning:

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #59[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Hemdale Home Video
  • International Music Distributors (1996)
  • Substance (1996)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had a print date, with the printings being formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

12/12/95 09:54 T100 2GS

Example 2:

12/08/96 20:09 T110 2AA

Example 3:

12/05/97 11:36 T85 1 SKC

  • One known tape by this duplicator had the record tab intact.
  • An example of what print dates and the overall printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what print dates and the overall printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #60[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Advanced Hunting Equipment (1992) (some copies of Tree-Lounge Trophies)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Some Advanced Hunting Equipment tapes by this duplicator say "FCV" in the bottom right corner of the face label.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #61[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • A.D. Vision (1994) (some copies of Guy: Double Target)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had printings like these for example:
T-75    [1]    MAY,24.94        MADE IN U.S.A.
                   11:15

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #62[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • AnimEigo (1994) (some copies of MADOX-01 and Riding Bean)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had upside-down printings (e.g. U51S94WO34734).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #63[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney World (2003) (one known copy of Magic Kingdom: Where Magic Lives)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Magic Kingdom: Where Magic Lives duplicated here had dark printings like these for example:

MGR MAGIC 4PK

050404 0303 19116

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #64[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Home Video (Germany)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had dark printings (e.g. E101 DER KÖNIG DER LÖWEN 79163).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #65[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Home Video (Germany)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had dark printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

85 644E 

 1560

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #66[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Cabin Fever Entertainment (1989)
  • MGM/UA Home Video (1990) (One known copy of a screener copy of Back to Back)
  • Unknown, but it was the distributor of 1989 New Trier H.S. Video Yearbook

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had a white sticker on the bottom middle side. This sticker had black text like this for example:
042056.001    104709
  HANK WILLIAMS JR.:
   FULL ACCESS
 3878  08-25-89
  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #67[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Brentwood Music
    • Brentwood Kids
  • Home Sweet Home Educational Media Co.
    • Toddler Television Video
  • Quality Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. B 19568).
  • Some tapes by this duplicator also had the tape speed (e.g. SP) stamped in white on the side of the tape guard.
  • Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #68[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Crest (2000) (one known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure duplicated by this company had a dark ink stamp above the record tab spot, which consists of text in a circle (e.g. DP010).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #69[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Crest (1993) (one known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure duplicated by this company had the following white printings above the recor tab spot:

MCNERNEY

9382-1

Duplicator #70[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Just Your Pal (1998)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known ape duplicated by this company had white printings (e.g. HS T-30 2618).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #71[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • A Couple 'A Cowboys (1991)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape duplicated by this company had white printings (e.g. T-47 27041X).
  • Next to the white printings, there was also a set of sideways dark printings like these for example:

CHIEF

8192

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #72[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1990-1991)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had a number printed in white on the bottom middle side (e.g. 65 or 75), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #73[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Home Sweet Home Educational Media Co. (1988) (one known copy of Gerbert: Forever Friends)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Gerbert: Forever Friends duplicated here had a white sticker on the side of the tape shell. This sticker had black text like this for example:

36851#2

FOREVER FRIENDS

#04769

  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #74[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • BBC Video (UK) (1989)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had a sticker with information printed like this for example:

P11 28786 

20075
  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like. This picture shows a green sticker.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like. This picture shows a green sticker.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #75[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • The Video Collection (UK) (1992)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information printed like this for example:

2735

43257

  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #76[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Thames Video Collection (UK) (1989)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had an orange sticker with information (e.g. 0893.Gk).
  • Some tapes by this duplicator also had white printings above the record tab spot (e.g. 6 60).
  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #77[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • VCI (UK)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information printed like this for example:

X20·03·01

131543

  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #78[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Stylus Video (UK) (1990)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information (e.g. D123910).
  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #79[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Reader's Digest Video (UK)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had dark printings (e.g. E40 H S DV87-346/3 001200I 0759242).
  • An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #80[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Video Artists International (one known copy of Trumpet Kings)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Trumpet Kings by this company had a white sticker on the left side of the tape shell, and said sticker had information printed like this for example:

TRUMPET KG

19941

  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #81[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Interactive Learning Group (1999)
    • Video Buddy (1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had printings above the record tab spot or the bottom middle side (e.g. 2192).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #82[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Cinéma Plus International (one known copy of La Guerre des Tuques)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of La Guerre des Tuques by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. K1022).
  • Said tape also had white printings on the right side of the tape shell (e.g. CP 1313).
  • Said tape also had a sticker on the tape guard with numbers on it (e.g. 19253).
  • An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • An example of what the side printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the side printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #83[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Inside Country Music (1990)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. T105 EG23A09002D 08 : 44 #53972).
  • Said tape also had a white stamping on the left side of the tape, like the example in the picture below next to a picture of the example of the dark printings.
  • An example of what the dark printings on one known tape by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the dark printings on one known tape by this duplicator looked like.

  • An example of what the white stamping on one known tape by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the white stamping on one known tape by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #84[edit]

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Greg Scholl Video Productions (1987)
  • Midwest Express Airlines
  • Nancy's Notions, Ltd. (1996, 1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this company had the tape length printed in gold above the record tab spot.
  • One copy of Sewing with Nancy: Suede - Ultra Fun to Sew by this duplicator has been known to have shuffling color bars at the end.
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #85[edit]

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator. A few possible duplicator candidates are listed below.

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Learning Forum (1988)
  • Morris Video (1987)
  • Price/Stern/Sloan (1987-1989)
  • Valley of the Sun Video (1987)

How to Tell[edit]

  • The only form of printing on tapes here is above the record tab spot, where white printings appeared like the following examples:

Example 1:

T-30

TL88178

Example 2:

T-60

TL871193

Example 3:

T-65

L25445-1

Example 4:

T-60

TL870167

  • Two known tapes by this duplicator did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #86[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Trinity Broadcasting Network (one known copy of 25 Years of God's Miracles)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of 25 Years of God's Miracles duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab, like these for example:

T-95

19968

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #87*[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Public Media Home Vision (1995)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark or white printings on the left side of the tape shell (e.g. #3 55).
  • Tapes duplicated by this company also had a white sticker on the tape guard, with information printed on it like the following examples:

Example 1:

HERMITAGE PT. 1 1364002

Example 2:

HERMITAGE PT. 2 1364008

Example 1:

HERMITAGE PT. 3 1364014

  • An example of what the white printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the white printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • An example of what the white sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the white sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #88[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Lannan Foundation (1994) (one known copy of Eavan Boland)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Eavan Boland duplicated by this company had white printings (e.g. NV-60MV 02067).
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #89[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • The Right Stuf International (1998)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

T-75

175

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #90[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • MNTEX Entertainment (1991)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. MXE5660 3-0714).
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #91[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • MNTEX Entertainment

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. CE 6103).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #92[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Simitar Entertainment (1994)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Vampires Volume 1 duplicated here had upside-down white printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. PT 22195).
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #93[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • METACOM (1992)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had a blue sticker under the face label, which had information like this for example (the top appears to have been cut off due to the printing being shifted higher than standard):

1515 SP 11

CHRISTMAS CELE

481305 AU-TD

  • One copy of Pavarotti, Domingo & friends sing A Christmas Celebration by this duplicator has been known to have the white screen test pattern with a 1000hz tone at the end, followed by a few seconds of black screen before the tape ends.
  • An example of what the blue sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the blue sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

  • On tapes by this duplicator, the BHCP codes were used in the vertical blanking interval.

    On tapes by this duplicator, the BHCP codes were used in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #94[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Simitar Entertainment

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had the tape speed (e.g. SP) enclosed in a circle, stamped in white on the side of the tape guard.
  • An example of what the white stamping on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the white stamping on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #95[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Embassy Home Entertainment (1986)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had upside-down text engraved on the left side of the tape shell (e.g. EHP 60712).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #96[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Anchor Bay Entertainment (1999) (one known copy of One Magic Christmas)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had dark printings (e.g. 01-14-4091).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #97[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Regal Home Video (1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had printings above the record tab spot (e.g. REGAL 0399).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #98[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Anchor Bay Entertainment (2004) (one known copy of Thomas & Friends: New Friends for Thomas)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Thomas & Friends: New Friends for Thomas duplicated here had white printings above the record tab spot (e.g. ABE-AB1326).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #99[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • A.I.P. Home Video (1994)
  • Voyager Entertainment (1995)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had a white sticker on the tape guard, with information printed on it like the following example:

STARBLAZERS VOL. 1

136 07/26/95

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #100[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Tim Young Productions Inc. (1996) (one known copy of The Belle)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of The Belle duplicated here had dark printings above the record tab spot, like the following example:

63390812

11524000

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #101[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • BFS Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had white printings above the record tab spot, like the following example:

S 120 KSB

8111051

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #102[edit]

List of Known Audio Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Records (CD; 1990s) (some copies of Sebastian From The Little Mermaid)

How to Tell for Audio Releases[edit]

  • Some copies of Sebastian From The Little Mermaid duplicated by this company had matrix printings on the front of the disc ring, usually beginning with the disc's catalog number, like these examples:

Example 1:

608112 L0929K A 1

Example 2:

608112 RE1 L0A25A A2

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #103[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Encounter Video (1990)
  • Stoney-Wolf Video (1990)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had a two-digit number printed in white above the record tab spot (e.g. 30), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #104[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • CBS (1988) (one known copy of Plan to Get Out Alive: Family Fire Safety Video)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Plan to Get Out Alive: Fire Safety Video duplicated by this company had two white stickers on the bottom middle side, like the example in the picture below.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #105[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Turner Broadcasting System (1996) (One known copy of the FYC screener tape of The Heidi Chronicles)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of the FYC screener tape of The Heidi Chronicles that was duplicated by this company had dark printings (e.g. 107961634 24001 V-98).
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #106[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Malofilm Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

T-106

850EA370

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #107*[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Eye Films and Video (1991)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. T70 EG64D07115D 12 : 13 #58871).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #108[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Unknown (but it was the distributor of a Malcolm in the Middle "For Your Emmy Consideration" tape)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape by this company had a number printed in dark ink on the right-hand side of the bottom middle side (e.g. 25).
  • One known tape by this company had something like this in the vertical blanking interval.

    One known tape by this company had something like this in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #109[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Editions Montparnasse (1998)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Louvre: The Visit by this company had dark printings (e.g. E-95 519403 B 285 5P926).
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #110[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Nutmeg Media (2004)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of The Crab Man by this company had a number stamped in dark ink on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. 12).
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #111[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Hallway Entertainment & Distribution (1993) (one known copy of Willie Nelson: My Life)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Willie Nelson: My Life duplicated by this company had dark printings, like these for example:

T-60 B1 A-345 F-1550 

   09/07/93 01
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it did have a silent white screen test pattern at the end.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #112[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • PolyGram Music Video (1989)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Paul McCartney: Put It There by this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. T 65 C).
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #113[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Reader's Digest (1994)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Peter Rabbit/Sam Whiskers by this duplicator had dark printings, which were formatted like this for instance:

CS-T47A T-47A

161-0731/3 10-30-94

  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #114[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Children's Circle (1989)
  • Parade Video (1987-1989)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of The Maurice Sendak library by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. 4 321).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #115[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • CEL Home Video (Australia) (1987-1991)
  • RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video (Australia) (1991)
  • Roadshow Home Video (Australia) (1988-1992)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Some tapes by this duplicator had a code in the bottom left corner at the beginning of the tape (e.g. RS1885).
  • Some tapes by this duplicator also had some text with a date printed over color bars accompanied by a 385hz or 1090hz tone at the end.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #116[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1985) (one known copy of Lots of Luck)

How to Tell[edit]

  • At the beginning of one known copy of Lots of Luck by this duplicator, the following text appeared in the top left corner:

REW DUPLICATION

JW 130685 H MNR

3771 B

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #117[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Columbia TriStar Home Video (Australia) (1998-2001)
  • Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1995-1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • At the end of some tapes by this duplicator, blue text appeared like the following examples:

Example 1:

W 874/875/876 V.

Example 2:

C 590 V.

Example 3:

DIS V 018/019 V.

SYD. 21/02/97.

Example 4:

F 775/776/

777/778 V.

  • Sometimes, a 1000hz tone was heard over this.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #118[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Australia) (1998-2005)
  • Madman Entertainment (Australia) (2001)
  • MGM Home Entertainment (Australia) (2000)
  • Miramax/Dimension Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
  • Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (Australia) (1995-2006)
  • Touchstone Home Entertainment (Australia) (2004)
  • Walt Disney Home Entertainment (Australia) (1997-2005)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Some tapes by this duplicator had some text printed over color bars accompanied by a 1000hz tone at the end. Here are a few examples of how the text appeared on such tapes:

Example 1:

C466V/C467V

C468V/C469V

Example 2:

C447V/C448V

Example 3:

T496V/T497V

T498V/T469V

T500/V

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #119*[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Australia) (1997, 1998, 2000)
  • Buena Vista Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
  • Columbia TriStar Home Video (Australia) (1996, 1998, 2003)
  • Miramax Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
  • Roadshow Entertainment (Australia) (1998)
  • Touchstone Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
  • TV One (Australia) (2000)
  • VM Distribution (Australia) (2003)
  • Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1993, 1997, 2001)
  • Warner Home Video (Australia) (1993, 1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Some tapes by this duplicator had some text with information (including a date), usually printed over color bars, and usually accompanied by a 1000hz tone at the end. Here are a few examples of how the text appeared on such tapes:

Example 1:

Bringing Down The House 

       Disney

        Vt7

     R* 22847/1

  Bk's 1,3,7 & 8

      20/11/03

Example 2: 

          Chicago

        VT3-BK3,4,7,8

        run 22178/4

          11/8/03

Example 3: 

             The

       Magic Princess



          VT5-Bk 8

          R*4897/1

          13/11/98



             CTH

Example 4: 

         Fern gully

            fox



        Vt4 to Bk3,6,7 ,8

          Run:24070

           23/4/98

Example 5: 

         DISNEY'S

     Beauty and the Beast:

      Enchanted Christmas



        Vt6- Bk 1,3,6,7 & 8

             R*21641

             28/10/97

Example 4: 

         The Sound Of Music

                FOX



                 D2

           Bnk's 1,3,6,7 & 8

                R*23255

                13/3/98

Example 5: 

              TITANIC



                 D2

             Bk 2,3,6,7,8

                R*1045/12

                3/7/98



                  FOX
  • Some tapes lack the color bars and tone, with the text appearing over a black screen instead. Some others use the color bars, but no tone.
  • Sometimes, the title blinked.

    Sometimes, the title blinked.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #120[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Chuck Snyder & Associates (1991)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Two known tapes by this duplicator had the number 60 (possibly indicating tape length) stamped in white above the record tab, which was intact. There was no other form of printing on these tapes aside from this.
  • Said tapes had oversized reels.
  • The printing on tapes by this duplicator, these two being both volumes of The Stan Boreson Show: KING's Klubhouse.

    The printing on tapes by this duplicator, these two being both volumes of The Stan Boreson Show: KING's Klubhouse.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #121[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Interactive VCR Games (1986) (some copies of the tape inside NFL: The VCR Quarterback Game)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Some copies of the tape for NFL: The VCR Quarterback Game by this duplicator had white printings on the bottom middle side, starting with INSPECTED, followed by three or four numbers.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #122[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Magnolia Home Entertainment (2012) (some copies of V/H/S)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Some copies of V/H/S by this duplicator had white printings on the bottom middle side, like the example in the picture below.
  • In this picture, the printings may be hard to see, because of the angle in which the photo was taken.

    In this picture, the printings may be hard to see, because of the angle in which the photo was taken.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #123[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • BPI, Inc. (1988)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes from this duplicator had a white sticker on the tape guard which had a print date, and the information on it was formatted like this for example:

BRANDMEIR

0041839 00D001

11/20/88 - 3827

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #124[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Simitar Entertainment (1994-1997)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had upside down white printings on the right side on the cassette shell (e.g. OT0225, PT0222, or PT1253).
  • An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. Three tapes are shown in this example, which were part of a three tape set.

    An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. Three tapes are shown in this example, which were part of a three tape set.

  • Another example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    Another example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #125[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Simitar Entertainment (1985)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated here had a white sticker on the tape guard with text on it, like this for instance:

VICTIMS

0000000 000000

  • An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

    An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #126[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape from this duplicator had the tape length stamped in yellow above the record tab spot.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #127[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • MGM/UA Home Video (1998)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes duplicated by this company had a white sticker with information, a print date, and barcodes on both sides. The information and print date were enclosed in a grey background on the sticker, and the information was formatted like this for example:

LITTLE CAESAR

F74063-00 - 1

MG6148 084:03

206148 L - 4

04-28-98 08:34:07

59-008-2

  • One known copy of Little Caesar by this duplicator also had MGM engraved in gold on the left side of the tape shell.
  • The MGM engraving on the above mentioned tape.

    The MGM engraving on the above mentioned tape.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #128[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1986)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea that was duplicated by this company had a white sticker with information, which was formatted like this for example:

29556/86232

101080/E130

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #129[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1989) (one known copy of Wee Sing in Sillyville)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Wee Sing in Sillyville by this duplicator had a number printed in white on the left-hand side of the bottom middle side (e.g. 65), possibly indicating tape length.
  • Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #130[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Price/Stern/Sloan Video (one known copy of Wee Sing Together)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Wee Sing Together by this duplicator had printings on the back of the cassette shell, like the example below.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #131[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Zondervan Video (1992)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Quigley's Village: The Great Treehouse Disaster by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

QV-25

96038

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #132[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Charles Smiley Presents (1998)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Donner Pass Thunder by this duplicator had white printings (e.g. HQ T-105 0540).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #133[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Lightwave Publishing Inc. (1995)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of LWTV Episode One: The Demo by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

PRO-35

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #134[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Unknown, but it was the distributor of Miniature World Souvenir Video

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Miniature World Souvenir Video by this duplicator had the following yellow printings:

HQ-32 04/22/98 C

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #135[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • The City of White Rock Museum and Archives

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of White Rock: The Rail Story by this duplicator had the following yellow printings:

S S V P CUSTOM LOADED SUPERSUITE 1 888 833 7338 06/30/00 G

HS-30

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #136[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Connoisseur Video Collection (1988) (one known copy of Black Orpheus)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Black Orpheus by this duplicator had the following white printings on the back of the tape shell:

1001

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #137[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Teton Gravity Research

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator have white printings (e.g. 3M T-35 3079).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #138[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • BFS Video (one known copy of The Man Who Cried)
  • Video Services Corp. (one known copy of The Tom Green Show: Something Smells Funny)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator have white printings (e.g. DT-60 00528290

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #139[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Children's Circle (1989)

How to Tell[edit]

  • Tapes by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. 429 or 2 400).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #139[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Feature Films for Families (one known copy of Windwalker)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Windwalker by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. 31 61024943017).

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #140[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Mack Dawg Productions (one known copy of The Resistance)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of The Resistance by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot (this example is somewhat worn off, so some of it may be incorrect:

T-31-410

WO#14813

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #141[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Children's Circle (1990) (one known copy of Doctor De Soto and other stories)

How to Tell[edit]

  • The above mentioned tape does not have any form of printing or anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it does have a black screen test pattern with a 400hz tone at the end.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #142[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Children's Circle (one known copy of Doctor De Soto and other stories)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Doctor De Soto and other stories had a white sticker on the bottom middle side, with the following text on it:

039896.001 105536

DR. DESOTO

2195 177/89

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #143[edit]

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • American Yellow Pages

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape from this duplicator had some numbers engraved above the record tab spot, as shown in the picture below.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #144[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Wilson Combat (1997)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known tape from this duplicator had white printings, as shown in the picture below.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #145[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Simitar Entertainment (one known copy of Doowop Rides)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Doowop Rides from this duplicator had a dark stamp on the bottom middle side as shown in the picture below.
  • Keep in mind that it may be a bit hard to see in this image.

    Keep in mind that it may be a bit hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Duplicator #146[edit]

List of Known Customers[edit]

  • Academy Entertainment (one known copy of Nitti: The Enforcer)

How to Tell[edit]

  • One known copy of Nitti: The Enforcer from this duplicator had black upside down printings as shown in the picture below.

Possible Candidates[edit]

Other duplicators to be identified[edit]

There are still several duplicators that have yet to be identified, many of which their tapes did not have any kind of printing on the cassette, anything in the vertical blanking interval or anything at the end, not even following the static, and others which may simply not have any known specimens in the hands of the wiki's userbase. Here is a list of labels/distributors that have duplicated their tapes at such unknown companies, and the known periods of time they were the duplication companies' clients:

  • 10th Ave. Video
  • 100% Educational Videos
  • 21st Genesis Home Video
  • 3 Star Releasing
  • 4 Star Home Video (1989)
  • Abba Dabba Productions, LLC (2001)
  • A Couple 'A Cowboys (1995) (Atmosfear: The Harbingers)
  • Acclaim Entertainment Inc. (1987)
  • Acorn Video
  • Active Home Video
  • AdultX
  • Aid Association for Lutherans (1987-2001, although this could have been possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • AIMS Multimedia
  • Allied Artists Video (1984-2005) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • All Sports Entertainment, Inc. (1989)
  • Anchor Bay Entertainment (2004-2006)
  • AnimEigo (199?-1994) (this could possibly have just been Cine Magnetics)
  • APL International Inc. (1993-1994) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Arcade Pictures/CNR Video (Netherlands) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Ardustry Home Entertainment
  • Artisan Home Entertainment (1999-2002, for a few tapes, such as some copies of Alice in Wonderland, Dinotopia, Dune, Lonesome Dove and The 10th Kingdom, although this could possibly be more than one duplicator)
  • Artists Attack
  • Artist View Entertainment
  • Astronics Tele-Cine Ltd.
  • The Asylum Home Entertainment
  • Atlas Entertainment Corporation (1992)
  • Avalanche Home Entertainment (1999-2000)
  • AVEC
  • Azteca Pictures
  • Aztlan Media (some copies of Dos Camionetas Blindadas)
  • Babyscapes, Inc.
  • The Baby School Company, Inc. (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Barr Entertainment
  • Benson Music Group (1993)
  • Best Film and Video Corp. (some tapes)
  • Big Top Video
  • Blay Video/Embassy Home Entertainment (1981-1984)
  • Blazing Arrow Entertainment (1998)
  • Body Buddy Inc. Productions
  • Brain Damage Films
  • The Brainy Baby Company, LLC.
  • Brass Eagle, Inc. (some tapes)
  • The Bridgestone Group (????-????) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
    • Agapeland Home Video (????-????)
  • Brentwood Home Video
  • Brimstone Productions (1995)
  • Broadman & Holman Publishers
  • Burbank Video (1983-1989)
  • Burning Moon Home Video
  • Budget Video
  • Camp Video
  • Canal+ Video (France) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Capstone Entertainment
  • Cascom Home Video
  • CBS Music Video Enterprises/Columbia Music Video (1988-1992) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • CBS Video Library (1981-1982)
  • Cerebellum Corporation (2000, 2002) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • ChoiceMark Corp. (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Children's Television Workshop (some Shalom Sesame tapes) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Children's Video of America (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Chiron Industries
  • Chronicle Videocassettes
  • Cinema Home Video
  • Cinemathex Collection
  • City Lights Home Video
  • Classic Family Entertainment
  • Colorado Division of Wildlife (1990)
  • Comedy III Productions
  • Command Home Video
  • Communications Diversified (1989)
  • Complete Entertainment Inc.
  • Concord Video
  • Connor Toy Corporation (1987)
  • Creative Communication Center (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Crest (2003-2004) (Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure) (although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • The Criterion Collection
  • CRIZMAC Art and Cultural Education Materials, Inc. (2001)
  • Crocus Entertainment (1989) (this could possibly have been a Minnesota-based duplicator)
  • DAVAURA Inc. (1992)
  • Davis/Panzer Productions
  • Dead Alive Productions
  • DEJ Productions (1998-1999, 2000)
  • DG Distributors
  • Diamond Entertainment (1988-1989)
  • Dino & Rocco (1994)
  • D.I.N. (Do it Now), Inc. (2001)
  • Direct Source Special Products Inc.
  • Direct Video (1988-1990)
  • Discount Video Tapes
  • Dollywood (1995)
  • Dreamland Home Video
  • Duratape, Inc.
  • Eagle Rock Entertainment (this could possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • Early Advantage Programs for Children
  • Easyriders Home Video (1995)
  • Eaton Entertainment
  • Edde Entertainment
  • Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999-2004, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • Elektra Entertainment
  • El Matador (2003)
  • Esquire Video (India)
  • ESPN Home Video (1989-1993)
  • Essex Video
  • Even Steven Productions
  • EVG Digital Entertainment
  • Excalibur Films
  • Excellent Video
  • Expanded Entertainment
  • Extravaganza Productions (1993)
  • Family Entertainment Network (1992)
  • Family Express Video
  • Fantasy Home Video (1986-1991)
  • Fat Dog Productions
  • First Look Home Entertainment (one duplicator from 1999-2000, another from 2001-2004, and yet another from 2005-2006)
  • Filmax (Spain) (this could have possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Films for the Humanities and Sciences (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Film Threat Video
  • Filmways Home Video/Filmpac Home Video (Australia)
  • Finley Holiday Films
  • Fisher Price (Little People and Rescue Heroes tapes)
  • Fotodisk Video
  • Fred Levine Productions
  • Fries Home Video (1989-1992)
  • Front Row Entertainment
  • FUNimation Entertainment (1999-2000, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Futura Home Video (1995)
  • Gameplan/Artranch (1994)
  • Gameplan Video (2003)
  • Gary Semics Motocross School, Inc.
  • Gateway Learning Corporation (1998) (Hooked on Phonics Introductory Video)
  • Gateway Films/Vision Video
  • Gator Home Entertainment (2001-2004)
  • Genius Products, Inc. (1999)
  • Go Cat (1993)
  • GoodTimes Home Video (some copies of Six Hours of Spurs and Saddles)
  • Gorgon Video
  • Gospel Films Video
  • Gospel Light Video (this could possibly have been just been Matrix Video)
  • GPN
  • Grandfather Reads LLC (1999)
  • GRB Entertainment (some copies of War Dogs: America's Forgotten Heroes)
  • Grindhouse Releasing (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Gruppo Ricordi Video (Italy) (this could have possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Guthy Renker Video
  • GWN Video
  • Haber Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Halestorm Entertainment (2003) (The R.M.)
  • Hallmark Home Entertainment (1995) (the demo VHS of The Madness of King George)
  • Harmony Vision (1981-1983)
  • Hart Sharp Video (2002-2007, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Hemdale Home Video (1991-1995, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • High Video
  • Hip Hop Slam Video (1999)
  • HIS Video
  • Hollywood's Attic
  • Hollywood Products
  • Home Mission Board
  • Home Vision Entertainment (this could possibly have just been Allied Film & Video)
  • Hosca Home Video Production (1987)
  • HPG Home Video
  • HV Films (1999)
  • Iguana Producciones (1996)
  • Image Entertainment
  • Image Home Video (1986)
  • Indigo Entertainment, Inc.
  • In-Fisherman Video
  • Inspired Corporation
  • Interactive VCR Games
  • International Video Network (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • International Multimedia Yearbooks
  • Jeremiah Films
  • JM Marketing
  • John I. Bailey
  • K5 International (Canada)
  • Karl Video Corporation (1981-1982)
  • KB Releasing
  • KCNC-TV Denver
  • Kidmark, Inc. (unrelated to the children's sub-division of Trimark Home Video)
  • King World Direct
  • Kino on Video (1989-1999; 2001-2003) (from 2001-2003, some tapes) (this could possibly have just been DXB Video Tapes)
  • Knopf Video Books (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • KnoWhutImean? Home Video
  • Koch Vision
  • Kodak Video Programs
  • K-TEL Video (1984)
  • LA Production Group
  • LA Video Corporation
  • Laguna Films
  • LawrenceVision 3D (1993) (the non-Avon print of Goldilocks & the 3 Bears in 3-D)
  • Leisure View Video (UK)
  • Leucadia Family Films
    • Sandstar Family Entertainment
  • Lightyear Entertainment (1993)
  • Lightworks Audio & Video (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Lobo Pictures
  • Liguori Publishing (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Little Mammoth Media (1997)
  • Lumivision (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Lutheran Brotherhood (1992-2001, although this could have been possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Macrovision
  • Madacy Entertainment Group (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Madison Square Garden Home Video
  • Malibu Graphics, Inc.
  • Manhattan Entertainment (some tapes)
  • Mark IV Pictures
  • Marshmallow Media Group
  • Master Communications
  • MasterVision (1981-1988, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • Mattel Games (1992) (Wayne's World VCR Board Game!)
  • Maverick Entertainment (1997-2006) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Maxximum Pics Entertainment (2000)
  • MCM Entertainment
  • Media Blasters
    • Anime Works
  • Media West Home Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Medusa Communications (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Michael Weise Productions (1997)
  • Million Dollar Video Corporation
  • MindStorm Productions
  • Miramax Films (1993; 1999) (in 1993, the Academy screener cassette of Farewell My Concubine; in 1999, Shakespeare in the Classroom) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • The Mirisch Video Company (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • MorningStar Entertainment (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • More Entertainment (1990)
  • Morris Video (1984-1990, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • MTI Home Video
  • MVP Home Entertainment
  • NBC (1994) (some Emmy screener tapes)
  • NBR Enterprises
  • New & Unique Video (this could have been possibly the client of more than one duplicator)
  • New Horizons Home Video/New Concorde (1990-2005) (this could be possibly the client of more than one duplicator)
  • New Image Video
  • NFL Films Video (1978-1984) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Nick Jr. (1997-1998) (Blue's Clues: Snacktime and Blue's Clues: Blue's ABC's (Special Teacher's Edition)) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • Nikon
  • Niles Entertainment (1978)
  • Nintendo (1999) (Pikachu's Winter Vacation)
  • NOW Video (1992)
  • NPS Home Video
  • O Entertainment (1999)
  • Oregon Sports Network (2002)
  • Orson Video (India)
  • Pak Entertainment (1994)
  • Pamplin Entertainment
  • Panorama International
  • Parade Video
  • Parker Brothers (1985, 1987, 1993) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • Paws & Play Games (1994)
  • Peerless Films (1986)
  • Planet Video (1982-1983)
  • Platinum Disc Corporation (1998-2001; 2004-2005) (from 2004-2005, releases printed in the USA) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • Platinum Productions Inc.
  • Playboy Home Video
    • Eros Collection
  • Playhouse Disney (Jojo's Circus Special Teacher's Edition and Little Einsteins: Climb Aboard and Get Ready to Explore!) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • PM Entertainment Group Inc.
  • Pressman (1986)
  • Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1985-1989, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Private Screenings/Luna Video (1984-1990, although this could have been possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Quality X Video Cassette Company
  • Quest Entertainment
  • Questar Home Video (1998) (one known copy of The Great Sioux Uprising)
  • Rabbit Ears Productions (1990-1991) (some tapes distributed by MCA Distributing Corporation/Uni Distribution Corporation)
  • Radar Communications Inc. (2001)
  • Rae Don Home Video (1988-1990, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Rainbow Entertainment (Australia) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Raven Releasing (1998)
  • Raven Video (some copies of Scream the Wolf)
  • Reader's Digest Home Entertainment (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Reel Gore Productions (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Red Tape Productions (UK)
  • Replay Home Entertainment
  • RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video (some 1990-1991 demo tapes)
  • RCA Victor Video (1992)
  • RPTA Video (UK)
  • Rupicola VCR Games (1990)
  • Saturn Productions, Inc.
  • Schlessinger Media (2000) (one known copy of Beowulf)
  • Scholastic (2002) (Clifford the Big Red Dog: A New Friend)
  • SCI, Inc. (1999)
  • SCI Productions
  • Score Productions (1990)
  • Screen Media Films (2002-2003) (some copies of Looking for an Echo, Rock My World and Pete's Meteor) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Screen Pix Home Video
  • Second City Video (1978)
  • Sega of America
  • SGE Home Video (1989-1991)
  • Shadow Entertainment (some copies of Birthrite)
  • Shine Home Entertainment (1991)
  • Shokus Video
  • Sideshow Cinema
  • Silver Lake Home Video (1995)
  • Singing Babies Co. I, LLC. (2000)
  • Sinistar Entertainment (1999)
  • SISU Home Entertainment (some tapes)
  • SkyRiver Films Alaska (1994)
  • SlingShot Entertainment (2002)
  • Soho Productions
  • SouthGate Entertainment (1989-1991)
  • Spartan Home Entertainment
  • Spectrum Films (1997-2000) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Spinmaker Video (1986-1988) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • SRO Video/Opening Night Productions/Curtain Call Productions (1981-1985)
  • Star Licks
  • Sterling Home Entertainment
  • Strand Releasing Home Video (1998-2001, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Studio Entertainment (1988-1990)
  • Studio Home Entertainment (2000-2001)
  • Stuttering Foundation of America (1996)
  • Summit Media
  • Sunburst Visual Media
  • Sundance Channel Home Entertainment (2004) (In This World and Die Mommie Die!) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Sunrise Productions, LLC
  • Super Video Inc.
  • Sylvan Learning Center (2002)
  • Syme Home Video (Australia)
  • Taunton Books & Video (1990)
  • Teacher's Video Company
  • Tempe Video (1997)
  • Terra Entertainment
  • Tesla Memorial Society
  • TF1 Video (France)
  • Third Coast Entertainment (1994)
  • Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (2002-2006, although this could have been possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • TLC Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • TM Books & Video
  • TMW Media Group (2000)
  • Today Home Entertainment (1986-1988)
  • Together in the Harvest Ministries, Inc. (1999)
  • Tommy Nelson
  • Trans World Entertainment (1984-1989)
  • Triboro Entertainment Group
  • Tri-Line Entertainment (1996)
  • Trinity Home Entertainment (2001)
  • Trolley Car Record and Filmworks
  • Troma Team Video (2001)
  • TSR Inc. (1993)
  • Tycoon Home Video (Mexico)
  • Unicorn Video
  • United Home Video (1984-1986)
  • Urban Classics Video (1987-1988)
  • UrbanWorks Entertainment (2002)
  • USA Home Entertainment (2001-2002)
  • VCI Entertainment
  • VCII (this could possibly have shared its duplicator with Video Cassette X-Rated)
  • Vidcrest
  • Video Cassette Games, Inc. (1987)
  • Video City Productions (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Video Classics (Australia) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Video Club of America
  • Video Film Organization (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Video Marketing Services
  • Video Programme Distributors (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • VideoTours (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Video Yesteryear
  • Vidtape Inc.
  • Voyager Entertainment
  • Velocity Home Entertainment (2004-2005)
  • ViaGrafix Corporation (1999)
  • Vidco: The Video Company
  • Video Collectibles Corporation
  • VideoSonic (Greece) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Vision Factory (some copies of Embalmer)
  • Visionsmiths
  • Viva Video
  • Voxcorp Inc. (2002)
  • Walt Disney Home Entertainment (2004) (Toon Pals sampler tapes)
  • Water Bearer Films
  • Wellspring Media (1994-1999) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Wolfe Video
  • Woodhaven Entertainment
  • Word Ministry Resources
  • World Video Pictures/Western World Video (1983-1989, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
  • World Wrestling Entertainment Home Video (one duplicator from 1997-1999, and another from 2004-2005)
  • Xebec Home Video
  • YES! Entertainment Corporation (1993) (TV Teddy tapes)
  • York Home Video/York Entertainment (1990-2004) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
  • Young Generation Video
  • Zane Entertainment Group

Distributors that likely self-duplicated[edit]

  • Caballero Control Corporation
  • Kartes Video Communications/KVC Home Video (1984-1993)
  • Sinister Cinema
  • Something Weird Video
  • VCA Pictures
  • Video Cassette X-Rated
  • Video Warehouse, Inc.

Vertical Blanking Interval Tags from Other Unknown Duplicators[edit]

NOTE: Do NOT move any of these tags, even those where a duplicator has been possibly identified, until you can obtain concrete confirmation from other sources such as the individuals who originally captured the VBIs, via good pictures of the cassette proper at the relevant view or another method.

  • Codes like this were used at the beginning and end of tapes by a few duplicators, such as a few tapes by Allied Digital Technologies and one known tape each from duplicators #33 and #97 mentioned above. There may be one duplicator that used codes like this, though.

    Codes like this were used at the beginning and end of tapes by a few duplicators, such as a few tapes by Allied Digital Technologies and one known tape each from duplicators #33 and #97 mentioned above. There may be one duplicator that used codes like this, though.

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