Unknown duplicators

The following is a list of unknown duplicators and specifications for media products, mainly tapes, by various labels/distributors. Once a duplicator in this list is identified, it should be removed from the list and a page should be created for it.

Duplicator numbers marked * are known to be Macrovision customers. Duplicator numbers marked - are known to be Otari TMD customers. Duplicator numbers marked ^ are known to be Sony Sprinter customers.

Duplicator #1

List of Known Customers

Montgomery Ward (one known copy of Rudolph: Lessons for Life)
The West Bend Company (one known copy of Helpful Hints for Happy Cooking)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here have dark printings like the following examples:

Example 1:

010962138 29572 RUDOLPHS LESSONS

Example 2:

025960926 20023 L4431 HAP COOK ENG

Said copy of Rudolph: Lessons for Life did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it did have a few extra seconds of black screen and the "fading rainbow" following the blank space at the tail end.

An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like.
Another example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

The Duplication Factory

Duplicator #2

List of Known Customers

Columbia TriStar Home Video (1994) (as confirmed by one copy of a Really Wild Animals screening cassette)

How to Tell

One known copy of a Really Wild Animals screening cassette from this duplicator had a print date in dark ink, with the printings being formatted like this:

PAL-200 MMM 17:25 04/25/94

T-140

Said copy of the aforementioned tape does not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it does have shuffling color bars at the end.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #3

List of Known Customers

Disney Institute (1997)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had printings (e.g. 4457-5 IP).

Possible Candidates

Tapes Unlimited, Inc.

Duplicator #4

List of Known Customers

ByGone Video (1999)
Cotton Patch Productions (2003)
Gary Semics Motocross School, Inc.
Green Frog Productions, Ltd.
OGR Publishing
Palm Pictures (2004) (one known copy of Demonlover)
TBD, but it was the distributor of First Fun with French in North America

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had white printings, which were formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

PT-45 EMT/HG 306 A102 0627 P.B.

Example 2:

T-120 SG/TO-NS A102 0624 P.B.

Example 3:

PT-75 BASF/HG 195 A100 0721 P.B.

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #5

List of Known Customers

Bob Ross Inc.

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had white printings (e.g. T-120 B/SHG 0285 C A298 0828 H.E).

Possible Candidates

Media Associates Inc.

Duplicator #6-

List of Known Customers

Children's Video of America, Inc.
Family Films, Ltd.
Shimano (one known copy of Shimano's 1991 New Product Video)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had a number printed above the record tab spot in white ink (e.g. 48).
One known copy of Treasure Island by this duplicator also had a few extra seconds of black screen following the blank space along with the "fading rainbow" at the tail end, accompanied by a rumbling sound in the linear track as the "fading rainbow" goes down.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #7

List of Known Customers

Crash Cinema
Polartec

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like this for example:

10607

2400733

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #8

List of Known Customers

Verizon (2001)
WGBH (1996)

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like this for example:

HSV

T-30

Possible Candidates

Coptech Digital

Duplicator #9

List of Known Customers

Gaiam (2001)
Walt Disney World Resort (2001) (one known copy of 100 Years of Magic)
Wet Cement Productions Inc. (2001) (some copies of Ewe Know: Do EWE Sing?)
World Wide Pictures Home Video

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. ZAMPERINI 889088).

An example of what the printings on tapes from this duplicator looked like. Please note it may be a bit hard to see in this image.
On one known copy of Gaiam: Pilates Bodyband Workout by this duplicator, the VBI code looked something like this.

Possible Candidates

Allied Vaughn

Duplicator #10*

List of Known Customers

AIMS Multimedia
Lightning Dubbs

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had a print date in dark ink, with the printings being formatted like this for example:

T-30 SI JUN 06 02 04 : 45 M A D E I N U S A

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #11

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers

A&M Video
Campus USA (1987)
Crown Video
Major League Baseball Home Video (1988)
Maranatha! Music (1991) (one known copy of Sing-A-Long Express Vol. Three)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had white or purple upside-down printings above the record tab spot (e.g. 5x47).
One known tape by this duplicator also had dark printings on the left side of the tape (e.g. 170717).
Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #12*

List of Known Customers

Wide-Eyed Learning (2003)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Treasure Chest: Toys & Signs from this duplicator had a number printed above the record tab spot in white ink (e.g. 34).
One known copy of The Treasure Chest: Toys & Signs from this duplicator had a silent white screen test pattern at the end after several seconds of black screen, followed by some more black screen.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #13

List of Known Customers

Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

T29 2

Said tape also had a silent white screen test pattern for a split second at the end.
Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #14

List of Known Customers

Baby Playtime, Inc. (2000)
Chair Dancing International, Inc.
EKA Productions (1997)
Jeremiah Films Inc. (one known copy of Halloween: Trick or Treat? - The Pagan Invasion: Volume 1)
Primary Focus (2000)
Unknown, but it was the distributor of The New Barbarians: Training Children to Kill
Virgin Records America (2001)
Zero (1999)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, like the following examples:

Example 1:

T31G0M

Example 2:

T21SAIM

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #15

List of Known Customers

Acorn Media (2004)
Family Home Entertainment (2000) (some copies of Baby Shakespeare)
Showtime Entertainment (2004)
TLA Releasing (2003) (one known copy of Endgame)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink, like in the examples shown in the below pictures.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #16

List of Known Customers

Velocity Home Entertainment (2003)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed in white ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #17*

List of Known Customers

Paramount Home Video (1990) (one known copy of Top Gun)
RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video (1990) (one known copy of Look Who's Talking)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company information etched onto the tape guard, like these examples:

Example 1:

PAR

78

Example 2:

RCA

89

One known copy of Look Who's Talking that was duplicated here did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #18

List of Known Customers

DawnPictures (1991)
MCA/Universal Home Video (1991-1992) (screener copies)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings beneath the face label, like the following examples:

Example 1:

TAGGET

D18599 01 0864

Example 2:

PURE LUCK

D20664 03 0621

Example 3:

JUNGLE FEVER

D15627 01 1062

Example 4:

PEOPLE UNDER STAIRS

D29012 01 1766

Example 5:

SHOUT

D27392 02 0512

Example 6:

LITTLE MERMAID

D34103 01 1664

Example 6:

FISHERMAN & WIFE

D34106 01 1366

One known copy of a screening cassette of Into the Badlands by this duplicator also had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

MCASCR

Two known tapes had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

T-40

021892

Some MCA/Universal screener tapes by this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot, consisting of the name of tape stock manufacturer, such as SONY (like in this example) or AMPEX.

Possible Candidates

Pioneer Video Manufacturing

Duplicator #19

List of Known Customers

American Home Treasures (Canada)
Cloud Ten Pictures (Canada)
DEJ Productions (2002) (one known copy of The Frightening)
Disneyland (Canada) (one known tape)
HGV Video Productions Inc. (1999-2001)
kaBOOM! Entertainment Inc. (2001)
Lions Gate Home Entertainment (Canada)
Marigold Video (one known copy of The Stampeders: ...Hit the Road!)
Sony Wonder (Canada) (2000, 2005)
TVA International (2000-2002) (Canada)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had white or yellow printings like these examples:

Example 1:

HQ

T-40 3103032255 4

Example 2:

HQ

T-90 1607991538 3

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #20

List of Known Customers

GPN
Kideo
Showtime Networks (2001) (one known copy of Showtime Stand-Up Comedy Rough Cut)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings like these for example:

EMTEC 20780080

T-30

One known copy of Reading Rainbow: Alejandro's Gift mentioned BASF instead of EMTEC.

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #21

List of Known Customers

KCTS Television

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company do not have any form of printing on the cassette, nor do they have anything in the vertical blanking interval.
Some tapes duplicated by this company may have the master visibly stopping at the end, followed by black screen.

Possible Candidates

Premiere America Inc.

Duplicator #22

List of Known Customers

Karen Pryor Clicker Training

How to Tell

One known copy of Puppy Love: Raise Your Dog the Clicker Way from this duplicator had the following white printings:

T-35 SG 693C C105 0727 H.M.

Said copy of the aforementioned tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it did have a blue screen with "L-1" in the top left corner at the end.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #23

List of Known Customers

The Bridgestone Group (1988)
Multnomah Productions (1991)
Omega Entertainment (1986)
Parade Video (1991) (one known copy of Proudly We Hail)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had dark printings (e.g. BS 040621).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #24

List of Known Customers

Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment/Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (2004-2006) (demo tapes)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink (sometimes with "3M" in the printings), like in the examples shown in the below pictures.

Some tapes from this duplicator also had a silent white screen test pattern at the end.
Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation

Duplicator #25

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator, as the way the numbers are printed in the second photo below looks a bit different than the first one.

List of Known Customers

Cartoon Network (one known copy each of The Powerpuff Girls and Harvey Birdman promo tape)
Diva Productions (one known copy of Let's Start School!)
Englewood Entertainment (1999)
FUNimation Productions Inc. (2000)
GPN
Hollywood's Attic (2005)
KRMA-TV Denver Six (some copies of Klondike & Snow: A Tale of Twin Polar Bears)
VCI Home Video (1997-2006)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had seven numbers engraved above the record tab spot. Take a look at the following examples:

Example 1:

4351090

Example 2:

6038115

One known copy of The Fighting Sullivans by this duplicator has a silent white screen test pattern at the end.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #26

List of Known Customers

Oregon Public Broadcasting (1997)
Palmer/Pletsch
SyndHonda Cinema Productions (2002)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had a two digit number printed in dark ink above the record tab spot (e.g. 65), possibly indicating tape length.
Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Northwestern Inc.

Duplicator #27^

List of Known Customers

Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (19??-2002)

How to Tell

One known tape duplicated by this company had the following yellow printings on the right side of the tape shell, like the following examples:

Example 1:

1A 9362

Example 2:

5G10122

Example 3:

10336

Example 4:

1G10467

Example 5:

3G10467

Example 6:

4J10467

Example 7:

3H10632

One known tape by this duplicator was known to have the static roll of death at the end.

This is an example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Osborn Video, Orem, Utah

Duplicator #28^

List of Known Customers

Barron's Home Video
General Mills (1995) ("Best Of" Seinfeld 100th Episode)
Morningstar Entertainment, Inc. (1990s) (some Canadian tapes)
Pearson Prentice Hall (some copies of World History Video Program series)
Peter Pan Industries (1990s)
- Parade Video (1990s)
Random House Home Video (The Berenstain Bears videos sponsored by Long John Silver's)
Sony Music Entertainment (1996-1998)
Small Fry Productions
Weston Woods (1996)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the right side of the cassette shell, like the following examples:

Example 1:

5324 1

Example 2:

286065

Example 3:

2 6061

Example 4:

6078

Example 5:

26087

Example 6:

1J7370

Example 7:

3B 552

Example 8:

L 30

Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.
One known copy of Once Upon a Potty for Him from this duplicator has the static roll of death at the end.

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Osborn Video, Orem, Utah

Duplicator #29

List of Known Customers

Republic Pictures Home Video (1993) (some copies of Playroom)
Warner Home Video (1994) (some copies of Dracula: A.D. 1972)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had a white or yellow sticker with information, a print date, and a barcode on it. The information and print date were formatted like this for example:

DRACULA A.D. (1972) WHV

0285337 V25100

09/29/94 S-3 P-X

113-01-7

Possible Candidates

Technicolor Video Services

Duplicator #30

List of Known Customers

FUNimation Entertainment (2004) (one known copy of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Secret Origins)

How to Tell

One known copy of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Secret Origins by this company had the following dark printings on the tape guard:

10 06

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #31

List of Known Customers

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (UK and Belgium)
Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment (UK) (2002-2004)
MGM Home Entertainment (UK)
Paramount Home Entertainment (UK) (2002)
Reader's Digest (UK)
Universal Pictures (UK) (2002-2004)
Video Collection International (UK) (2003)
Walt Disney Home Video (Saudi Arabia) (2000-2003)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had white or dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

2062737 E128 ICE AGE (RETAIL) 10373880

AL3 2909

Some UK tapes by this duplicator also had five DTMF tones at the beginning of the tape, which sound similar to the DTMF tones used by Technicolor in Livonia, Michigan.

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #32

List of Known Customers

GPN

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings on the bottom middle side or the tape guard (e.g. T30 93342).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #33

List of Known Customers

Walt Disney Home Entertainment (Greece) (2002)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

105 AVE 2848

1385 2A

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #34

List of Known Customers

CIC Video (UK) (1988)
Warner Home Video (UK) (1990)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings (e.g. E105 0202 CL1 BATTERIES NOT INCLUDED).

Possible Candidates

Rank Video Services

Duplicator #35

List of Known Customers

MGM/UA Home Video (France) (1998)
Universal Pictures (France) (2001)
Warner Home Video (France) (2000)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings, which were formatted like this for example:

E132 557998 4 E 023 5P926

23H41

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #36

List of Known Customers

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Belgium) (2002)
Columbia TriStar Home Video (Germany) (2002)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had a barcode sticker on the tape guard. This barcode had 16 numbers. Below it, there was information (e.g. E83/E94/C/271202 3 02).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #37

List of Known Customers

Campus Crusade for Christ International
Sit and Be Fit

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had information in the vertical blanking interval, like the following examples:

Example 1:

WAC 3105

Example 2:

WAC 3001

Example 3:

WAC 3102

One known copy of The Story of Jesus for Children also had the number 65 stamped in dark ink on the bottom middle spine.

An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

Possible Candidates

Allied Digital Technologies

Duplicator #38^

List of Known Customers

Blockbuster Video (1995) (some copies of Victor Borge's Funniest Moments)
Bullfrog Films (1995) (one known copy of Billion Dollar Crop)
Children's Circle
CVM (1996)
Daniel Mallo Productions (one known copy of the tapes from Muzzy: French)
Four Seasons Productions (2002) (one known copy of Quest for the Grail)
GMG Productions (2000)
National Geographic Society (one known copy each of United States Geography Series: The Lower South, United States Geography Series: New England and Nations of the World Series: Central America)
Rabbit Ears Productions (one known copy of Jack and the Beanstalk)
VideoTours (one known copy each of Biltmore Estate and San Diego Zoo)
Weston Woods (1998)
Unknown, but it was the distributor of A Trip to the Dentist Can Be Lots of Fun!

How to Tell

Most tapes duplicated by this company had a sticker on the right side of the cassette shell, with information on it like the following examples:

Example 1:

M5G9860

Example 2:

16F6872

Some early tapes also had a number stamped in dark ink above the record tab spot (e.g. 30 9).
Several later tapes had white printings like the following examples:

Example 1:

T40-A

Example 2:

T30 BC

On one known copy of Billion Dollar Crop by this duplicator, the printings are repeated on the right-hand corner of the bottom spine.
One known copy each of Victor Borge's Funniest Moments and Biltmore Estate by this duplicator, however, did not have any of these credentials, but still had the vertical blanking interval code format mentioned below.
At the beginning and end of tapes by this duplicator, there was also a date in the vertical blanking interval, accompanied by a clock. The information was formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

8·04·91 [clock]

Example 2:

0·07·00 [clock]

Example 3:

2·17· [clock]

Example 4:

10·30·90 [clock]

One known copy each of Biltmore Estate, A Trip to the Dentist Can Be Lots of Fun! and The Maurice Sendak Library by this duplicator had the static roll of death at the end.

An example of what the printings on early tapes by this duplicator looked like.
An example of what the printings on later tapes by this duplicator looked like.
An example of what the sticker on most tapes by this duplicator looked like. The color of the sticker varied by tape; this picture shows a light blue sticker.
Another example, showing a green sticker.
An example of what the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
Another example of this duplicator's VBI code.

Possible Candidates

Color Film Corporation

Duplicator #39

List of Known Customers

Zondervan Video (1992) (one known copy of Quigley's Village: Spike and the Big Blue Bubble Babble Balloon Machine)

How to Tell

At the beginning and end of one known copy of Quigley's Village - Spike and the Big Blue Bubble Babble Balloon Machine from this duplication company, the following four two-digit numbers appeared in the vertical blanking interval, which were separated by colons:

36:35:45:13

Said copy of the aforementioned tape did not have any form of printing on the cassette.

An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #40

List of Known Customers

Chariot Video/David C. Cook Publishing Co.

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had the tape length printed above the record tab spot, as well as a set of eight numbers printed in white on the back of the cassette shell (e.g. 40040211).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #41

List of Known Customers

Braveworld Ltd. (UK) (1992-1993)
Castle Home Video (UK) (1999)
Cinema Club (UK) (2002)
Clear Vision Video (UK) (1995-2004)
Contender Entertainment Group (UK) (2002-2003)
Cromwell Productions Limited (UK) (2000)
DD Video (UK)
Feature Films for Families (UK)
Fremantle Media (UK) (2002)
ILC (UK)
IVC Video Inc. (UK)
Karussell (UK) (1996)
Lace International Limited (UK) (1998)
Maximum Entertainment (UK) (2004)
Medusa Pictures (UK) (2002)
M.I.A. Video (UK)
NTV Entertainment (UK) (1996)
Odyssey Video (UK) (2001)
Pickwick Video (UK) (1992)
PT Video (UK) (2000-2001)
Terry Blood Distribution (UK)
The Singing Machine (1993)
Star Video Interactive Entertainment Ltd. (UK) (1997)
Televideo (UK) (1997)
Telstar Video Entertainment (UK) (1994, 1999)
Tempo Video
Tring Video (UK) (1995)
Video Collection International (UK) (1999-2002)
Vision Video Ltd (1996)
Warner Music Vision (UK) (1999)
Unknown, but it was the distributor of Hamlet: The Video

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had a sticker with a date (or batch number in the case of some tapes), "VDC" and a job number. The color of the sticker varied by tape.

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a batch number. This picture shows an orange sticker.
An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like with a date. This picture shows a green sticker.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #42

List of Known Customers

RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video (UK) (1991)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had printings (e.g. E108 RVS/R A0803 LL).

Possible Candidates

Rank Video Services

Duplicator #43

List of Known Customers

Walt Disney Home Video (1998) (UK) (some copies of Flubber)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had white printings (e.g. FLUBBER BV 232 W/O BVH 630838).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #44

List of Known Customers

Warner Home Video (1998) (UK) (some copies of L.A. Confidential)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had a print date, with the printings being formatted like this for example:

                  02/11/98

WHV LA CONFIDENTIAL W/O W592851 R/T 142.11

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #45

List of Known Customers

Hanna-Barbera Home Video (1990) (some copies of Hanna-Barbera Command Performance videos, and some others)
The Maier Group (1990) (Inspector Gadget videos and one known copy of Yes, We're Walking)
National Geographic Society (1990) (one known copy of Discover Russia)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company did not have any form of printing on the cassette.
Tapes by this duplicator had a number on the left-hand side of the vertical blanking interval at the beginning of the tape (e.g. 02).

An example of the VBI code on tapes by this duplicator.

Possible Candidates

Allied Film & Video

Duplicator #46

List of Known Customers

MGM/UA Home Video (one known copy of The Secret of NIMH)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Secret of NIMH by this company had the following dark printings on the bottom middle side:

T-88 E14799-8719

Said copy of the aforementioned tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

West Coast Video Duplicating, Inc.

Duplicator #47

List of Known Customers

National Geographic (2008) (one known copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest)

How to Tell

On one known copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest by this company, the only form of printing was the tape length, which was printed in white above the record tab spot.

The VBI code on said copy of Odzala: Islands in the Forest by this company looked something like this.

Possible Candidates

Allied Vaughn

Duplicator #48

List of Known Customers

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (UK) (2001)
CIC (UK) (1999)
Paramount Home Entertainment (UK) (2001)
Pathé (1998)

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had white printings between an inked barcode, like these two examples:

Example 1:

10015807 [barcode]E83 DL4 2308 10015807

               RUGRATS - THE MOVIE

Example 2:

20049360 [barcode]E92 RUGRATS IN PARIS MOVIE 2 10232431

BL4 1708

Possible Candidates

Technicolor Video Services

Duplicator #49

List of Known Customers

Green Frog Productions, Ltd. (one known copy of Railroading Through the Winter of '93)

How to Tell

One known tape by this duplicator had the following white printings:

T-75 ILYA FUJI 1

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #50

List of Known Customers

Play Along (2002-2004)

How to Tell

The only form of printing on tapes by this duplicator was PA, printed in white on the back of the cassette shell.
Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #51

List of Known Customers

Hemdale Home Video
International Music Distributors (1996)
Substance (1996)

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had a print date, with the printings being formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

12/12/95 09:54 T100 2GS

Example 2:

12/08/96 20:09 T110 2AA

Example 3:

12/05/97 11:36 T85 1 SKC

One known tape by this duplicator had the record tab intact.

An example of what print dates and the overall printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #52

List of Known Customers

Advanced Hunting Equipment (1992) (some copies of Tree-Lounge Trophies)

How to Tell

Some Advanced Hunting Equipment tapes by this duplicator say "FCV" in the bottom right corner of the face label.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #53

List of Known Customers

A.D. Vision (1994) (one known copy of Guy: Double Target)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had printings like these for example:

T-75    [1]    MAY,24.94        MADE IN U.S.A.
                   11:15

Another known copy of said tape had the record tab intact.

An example of what these printings looked like. This picture is a bit blurry.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #54

List of Known Customers

AnimEigo (1994) (some copies of MADOX-01 and Riding Bean)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had upside-down printings (e.g. U51S94WO34734).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #55

List of Known Customers

Walt Disney World (2003) (one known copy of Magic Kingdom: Where Magic Lives)

How to Tell

One known copy of Magic Kingdom: Where Magic Lives duplicated here had the following dark printings:

MGR MAGIC 4PK

050404 0303 19116

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #56

List of Known Customers

Walt Disney Home Video (Germany)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had dark printings (e.g. E101 DER KÖNIG DER LÖWEN 79163).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #57

List of Known Customers

Walt Disney Home Video (Germany)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had dark printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

85 644E

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #58

List of Known Customers

Brentwood Music
- Brentwood Kids
Home Sweet Home Educational Media Co.
- Toddler Television Video
Quality Video

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. B 19568).
Some tapes by this duplicator also had the tape speed (e.g. SP) stamped in white on the side of the tape guard.
Tapes by this duplicator do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #59

List of Known Customers

Crest (2000) (one known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure)

How to Tell

One known copy of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure duplicated by this company had a dark ink stamp above the record tab spot, which consists of text in a circle (e.g. DP010).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #60

List of Known Customers

Crest (1993) (two known copies of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure)

How to Tell

Two known copies of Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

MCNERNEY

9382-1

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #61

List of Known Customers

Just Your Pal (1998)

How to Tell

One known tape duplicated by this company had the following white printings:

HS T-30 2618

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #62

List of Known Customers

Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1990-1991)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had a number printed in white on the bottom middle side (e.g. 65 or 75), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Northstar Video Duplicators Inc.

Duplicator #63

List of Known Customers

Home Sweet Home Educational Media Co. (1988) (one known copy each of Gerbert: God Knows My Feelings and Gerbert: Forever Friends)

How to Tell

One known copy of Gerbert: Forever Friends duplicated here had a white sticker on the side of the tape shell. This sticker had the following black text:

Example 1:

36328#3 HMV103

GOD KNOWS

MY FEELINGS

Example 2:

36851#2

FOREVER FRIENDS

#04769

Said tape also had the following dark ink text on the bottom middle spine:

T30 EG2A1903G

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

VCA-Teletronics

Duplicator #64

List of Known Customers

BBC Video (UK) (1989)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had a sticker with information printed like this for example:

P11 28786

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like. This picture shows a green sticker.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #65

List of Known Customers

The Video Collection (UK) (1992)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information printed like this for example:

2735

43257

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #66

List of Known Customers

Thames Video Collection (UK) (1989)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had an orange sticker with information (e.g. 0893.Gk).

Some tapes by this duplicator also had white printings above the record tab spot (e.g. 6 60).

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #67

List of Known Customers

VCI (UK)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information printed like this for example:

X20·03·01

131543

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #68

List of Known Customers

Stylus Video (UK) (1990)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had a white sticker with information (e.g. D123910).

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #69

List of Known Customers

Reader's Digest Video (UK)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had dark printings (e.g. E40 H S DV87-346/3 001200I 0759242).

An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #70

List of Known Customers

Video Artists International (one known copy of Trumpet Kings)

How to Tell

One known copy of Trumpet Kings by this company had a white sticker on the left side of the tape shell, and said sticker had the following information printed on it:

TRUMPET KG

19941

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #71

List of Known Customers

Interactive Learning Group (1999)
- Video Buddy (1999)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had printings above the record tab spot or the bottom middle side (e.g. 2192).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #72

List of Known Customers

Cinéma Plus International (one known copy of La Guerre des Tuques)

How to Tell

One known copy of La Guerre des Tuques by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. K1022).
Said tape also had white printings on the right side of the tape shell (e.g. CP 1313).
Said tape also had a sticker on the tape guard with numbers on it (e.g. 19253).

An example of what the dark printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
An example of what the side printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #73

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers

Greg Scholl Video Productions (1987)
Midwest Express Airlines
Nancy's Notions, Ltd. (1996, 1999)

How to Tell

Tapes by this company had the tape length printed in gold above the record tab spot.
One copy of Sewing with Nancy: Suede - Ultra Fun to Sew by this duplicator has been known to have shuffling color bars at the end.
Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #74

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator. A few possible duplicator candidates are listed below.

List of Known Customers

Learning Forum (1988)
Morris Video (1987)
Price/Stern/Sloan (1987-1989)
Valley of the Sun Video (1987)

How to Tell

The only form of printing on tapes here is above the record tab spot, where white printings appeared like the following examples:

Example 1:

T-30

TL88178

Example 2:

T-60

TL871193

Example 3:

T-65

L25445-1

Example 4:

T-60

TL870167

Two known tapes by this duplicator did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Custom Duplication Incorporated

Duplicator #75

List of Known Customers

Trinity Broadcasting Network (one known copy of 25 Years of God's Miracles)

How to Tell

One known copy of 25 Years of God's Miracles duplicated by this company had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

T-95

19968

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #76*

List of Known Customers

Public Media Home Vision (1995)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark or white printings on the left side of the tape shell (e.g. #3 55).

Tapes duplicated by this company also had a white sticker on the tape guard, with information printed on it like the following examples:

Example 1:

HERMITAGE PT. 1 1364002

Example 2:

HERMITAGE PT. 2 1364008

Example 1:

HERMITAGE PT. 3 1364014

An example of what the white printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.
An example of what the white sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

PVS Corporate Services

Duplicator #77

List of Known Customers

Lannan Foundation (1994) (one known copy of Eavan Boland)

How to Tell

One known copy of Eavan Boland duplicated by this company had the following white printings:

NV-60MV 02067

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #78

List of Known Customers

The Right Stuf International (1998)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

T-75

175

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #79

List of Known Customers

MNTEX Entertainment (1991)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the bottom middle side (e.g. MXE5660 3-0714).

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #80

List of Known Customers

MNTEX Entertainment

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had dark printings on the tape guard (e.g. CE 6103).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #81

List of Known Customers

Embassy Home Entertainment (1986) (one known copy of Yojimbo)

How to Tell

One known copy of Yojimbo duplicated here had the following upside-down text engraved on the left side of the tape shell:

EHP 60712

Possible Candidates

Premiere Video

Duplicator #82

List of Known Customers

Anchor Bay Entertainment (1999) (one known copy of One Magic Christmas)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had dark printings (e.g. 01-14-4091).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #83

List of Known Customers

Regal Home Video (1999) (one known copy of Tatapatan Ko Ang Lakas Mo)

How to Tell

One known copy of Tatapatan Ko Ang Lakas Mo duplicated here had the following printings above the record tab spot:

REGAL 0399

Possible Candidates

QC Media Services

Duplicator #84

List of Known Customers

Anchor Bay Entertainment (2004) (one known copy of Thomas & Friends: New Friends for Thomas)

How to Tell

One known copy of Thomas & Friends: New Friends for Thomas duplicated here had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

ABE-AB1326

Possible Candidates

QC Media Services

Duplicator #85

List of Known Customers

Tim Young Productions Inc. (1996) (one known copy of The Belle)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Belle duplicated here had the following dark printings above the record tab spot:

63390812

11524000

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #86

List of Known Customers

BFS Video

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had white printings above the record tab spot, like the following example:

S 120 KSB

8111051

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #87

List of Known Audio Customers

Walt Disney Records (CD; 1990s) (some copies of Sebastian From The Little Mermaid)

How to Tell for Audio Releases

Some copies of Sebastian From The Little Mermaid duplicated by this company had matrix printings on the front of the disc rings, usually consisting of the disc's catalog number and an SID code, like these examples:

Example 1:

608112 L0929K A 1

Example 2:

608112 RE1 L0A25A A2

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #88

List of Known Customers

Encounter Video (1990)
Stoney-Wolf Video (1990)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had a two-digit number printed in white above the record tab spot (e.g. 30), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #89

List of Known Customers

Apple Computer
CBS (1988) (one known copy of Plan to Get Out Alive: Family Fire Safety Video)
Palladium Books

How to Tell

One known copy of Plan to Get Out Alive: Fire Safety Video duplicated by this company had two white stickers on the bottom spine, like the example in the picture below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #90

List of Known Customers

Turner Broadcasting System (1996) (One known copy of the FYC screener tape of The Heidi Chronicles)

How to Tell

One known copy of the FYC screener tape of The Heidi Chronicles that was duplicated by this company had the following dark printings:

107961634 24001 V-98

Said copy of the aforementioned tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Vaughn Communications Inc.

Duplicator #91

List of Known Customers

Malofilm Video

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated by this company had white printings above the record tab spot, like these for example:

T-106

850EA370

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #92

List of Known Customers

Unknown (but it was the distributor of a Malcolm in the Middle "For Your Emmy Consideration" tape from 2002)

How to Tell

One known copy of a Malcolm in the Middle "For Your Emmy Consideration" tape by this company had the number 25 printed in dark ink on the right-hand corner of the bottom spine.

The VBI code on said tape from this duplicator looked something like this.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #93

List of Known Customers

Editions Montparnasse (1998)

How to Tell

One known copy of Louvre: The Visit by this company had the following dark printings:

E-95 519403 B 285 5P926

Said copy of the aforementioned tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #94

List of Known Customers

Nutmeg Media (2004)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Crab Man by this company had a number stamped in dark ink on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. 12).
Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Bonneville Duplication

Duplicator #95

List of Known Customers

Hallway Entertainment & Distribution (1993) (one known copy of Willie Nelson: My Life)

How to Tell

One known copy of Willie Nelson: My Life duplicated by this company had the following dark printings:

T-60 B1 A-345    F-1550
   
     09/07/93 01

Said copy of the aforementioned tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval, but it did have a silent white screen test pattern at the end.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #96

List of Known Customers

PolyGram Music Video (1989)

How to Tell

One known copy of Paul McCartney: Put It There by this duplicator had the following dark printings:

T 65 C

Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #97

List of Known Customers

Reader's Digest (1994)

How to Tell

One known copy of Peter Rabbit/Sam Whiskers by this duplicator had the following dark printings:

CS-T47A T-47A

161-0731/3 10-30-94

An example of what the printings on tapes by this duplicator looked like. It may be hard to see in this picture.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #98

List of Known Customers

Barron's Home Video (1990)
Children's Circle (1988-1990)
Parade Video (1987-1990)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Maurice Sendak Library by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. 4 321).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #99

List of Known Customers

CEL Home Video (Australia) (1987-1991)
RCA/Columbia Pictures International Video (Australia) (1991)
Roadshow Home Video (Australia) (1988-1992)

How to Tell

Some tapes by this duplicator had a code in the bottom left corner at the beginning of the tape (e.g. RS1885).
Some tapes by this duplicator also had some text with a date printed over color bars accompanied by a 385hz or 1090hz tone at the end.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #100

List of Known Customers

Columbia TriStar Home Video (Australia) (1998-2001)
Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1995-1999)

How to Tell

At the end of some tapes by this duplicator, blue text appeared like the following examples:

Example 1:

W 874/875/876 V.

Example 2:

C 590 V.

Example 3:

DIS V 018/019 V.

SYD. 21/02/97.

Example 4:

F 775/776/

777/778 V.

Sometimes, a 1000hz tone was heard over this.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #101

List of Known Customers

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Australia) (1998-2005)
Madman Entertainment (Australia) (2001)
MGM Home Entertainment (Australia) (2000)
Miramax/Dimension Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (Australia) (1995-2006)
Touchstone Home Entertainment (Australia) (2004)
Walt Disney Home Entertainment (Australia) (1997-2005)

How to Tell

Some tapes by this duplicator had some text printed over color bars accompanied by a 1000hz tone at the end. Here are a few examples of how the text appeared on such tapes:

Example 1:

C466V/C467V

C468V/C469V

Example 2:

C447V/C448V

Example 3:

T496V/T497V

T498V/T469V

T500/V

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #102*

List of Known Customers

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (Australia) (1997, 1998, 2000)
Buena Vista Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
Columbia TriStar Home Video (Australia) (1996, 1998, 2003)
Miramax Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
Roadshow Entertainment (Australia) (1998)
Touchstone Home Entertainment (Australia) (2003)
TV One (Australia) (2000)
VM Distribution (Australia) (2003)
Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1993, 1997, 2001)
Warner Home Video (Australia) (1993, 1999)

How to Tell

Some tapes by this duplicator had some text with information (including a date), usually printed over color bars, and usually accompanied by a 1000hz tone at the end. Here are a few examples of how the text appeared on such tapes:

Example 1:

Bringing Down The House

       Disney

Vt7

     R* 22847/1

  Bk's 1,3,7 & 8

      20/11/03

Example 2:

          Chicago

        VT3-BK3,4,7,8

        run 22178/4

          11/8/03

Example 3:

The

       Magic Princess

          VT5-Bk 8

          R*4897/1

          13/11/98

CTH

Example 4:

         Fern gully

fox

        Vt4 to Bk3,6,7 ,8

          Run:24070

           23/4/98

Example 5:

         DISNEY'S

     Beauty and the Beast:

      Enchanted Christmas

        Vt6- Bk 1,3,6,7 & 8

             R*21641

             28/10/97

Example 4:

         The Sound Of Music

FOX

D2

           Bnk's 1,3,6,7 & 8

                R*23255

                13/3/98

Example 5:

              TITANIC

D2

             Bk 2,3,6,7,8

                R*1045/12

                3/7/98

FOX

Some tapes lack the color bars and tone, with the text appearing over a black screen instead. Some others use the color bars, but no tone.

Sometimes, the title blinked.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #103

List of Known Customers

Chuck Snyder & Associates (1991)

How to Tell

Two known tapes by this duplicator had the number 60 (possibly indicating tape length) stamped in white above the record tab, which was intact. There was no other form of printing on these tapes aside from this.
Said tapes had oversized reels.

The printing on tapes by this duplicator, these two being both volumes of The Stan Boreson Show: KING's Klubhouse.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #104

List of Known Customers

Interactive VCR Games (1986) (some copies of the tape inside NFL: The VCR Quarterback Game)

How to Tell

Some copies of the tape for NFL: The VCR Quarterback Game by this duplicator had white printings on the bottom middle side, starting with INSPECTED, followed by three or four numbers.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #105

List of Known Customers

Magnolia Home Entertainment (2012) (some copies of V/H/S)

How to Tell

Some copies of V/H/S by this duplicator had white printings on the bottom spine, like the example in the picture below.

In this picture, the printings may be hard to see, because of the angle in which the photo was taken.

Possible Candidates

Allied Vaughn

Duplicator #106

List of Known Customers

BPI, Inc. (1988)
Simitar Entertainment

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had a white sticker on the tape guard which had a print date, and the information on it was formatted like this for example:

BRANDMEIR

0041839 00D001

11/20/88 - 3827

Possible Candidates

VCA-Teletronics

Duplicator #107

List of Known Customers

Simitar Entertainment (1985) (one known copy of Victims!)

How to Tell

One known copy of Victims! duplicated here had a white sticker on the tape guard with the following text on it:

VICTIMS

0000000 000000

An example of what the sticker on tapes by this duplicator looked like.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #108

List of Known Customers

Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the tape length stamped in yellow above the record tab spot.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #109

List of Known Customers

Walt Disney Home Video (Australia) (1986)

How to Tell

One known copy of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea that was duplicated by this company had a white sticker with the following information printed on it:

29556/86232

101080/E130

Possible Candidates

Roadshow Home Video

Duplicator #110

List of Known Customers

Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1989) (one known copy of Wee Sing in Sillyville)

How to Tell

One known copy of Wee Sing in Sillyville by this duplicator had a number printed in white on the left-hand side of the bottom middle side (e.g. 65), possibly indicating tape length.
Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Northstar Video Duplicators Inc.

Duplicator #111

List of Known Customers

Price/Stern/Sloan Video (one known copy of Wee Sing Together)

How to Tell

One known copy of Wee Sing Together by this duplicator had printings on the back of the cassette shell, like the example below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #112

List of Known Customers

Zondervan Video (1992)

How to Tell

One known copy of Quigley's Village: The Great Treehouse Disaster by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

QV-25

96038

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #113

List of Known Customers

Charles Smiley Presents (1998)

How to Tell

One known copy of Donner Pass Thunder by this duplicator had the following white printings:

HQ T-105 0540

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #114

List of Known Customers

Lightwave Publishing Inc. (1995)

How to Tell

One known copy of LWTV Episode One: The Demo by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

PRO-35

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #115

List of Known Customers

Unknown, but it was the distributor of Miniature World Souvenir Video

How to Tell

One known copy of Miniature World Souvenir Video by this duplicator had the following yellow printings:

HQ-32 04/22/98 C

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #116

List of Known Customers

The City of White Rock Museum and Archives

How to Tell

One known copy of White Rock: The Rail Story by this duplicator had the following yellow printings:

S S V P CUSTOM LOADED SUPERSUITE 1 888 833 7338 06/30/00 G

HS-30

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #117

List of Known Customers

Connoisseur Video Collection (1988-199?)

How to Tell

Tapes printed by this duplicator had white printings on the back of the tape shell like this for example:

1001

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #118

List of Known Customers

Poor Boyz Productions (1999) (one known copy of The "13" Posse)
Teton Gravity Research

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator have white printings (e.g. 3M T-35 3079).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #119

List of Known Customers

BFS Video (one known copy of The Man Who Cried)
Video Services Corp. (one known copy of The Tom Green Show: Something Smells Funny)

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator have white printings (e.g. DT-60 00528290).

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #120

List of Known Customers

Children's Circle (1989)
Parade Video

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had white printings on the right side of the cassette shell (e.g. 429 or 2 400).

Possible Candidates

Osborn Video

Duplicator #121*

List of Known Customers

Fox Video (2000) (one known copy of Terrafirma 06)
LaserLight Digital (1997) (one known copy of Engelbert Humperdinck Live)
Mack Dawg Productions

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had white printings above the record tab spot like the following examples (the example in the first photo is somewhat worn off, so some of it may be incorrect):

Example 1:

T-31-410

WO#14813

Example 2:

T-81-527

WO#16315

Example 3:

T-35-411

WO#11051

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #122

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers

American Yellow Pages

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had some numbers engraved above the record tab spot, as shown in the picture below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #123

List of Known Customers

Wilson Combat (1997)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had white printings, as shown in the picture below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #124

List of Known Customers

Simitar Entertainment (one known copy of Doowop Rides)

How to Tell

One known copy of Doowop Rides from this duplicator had a dark stamp on the bottom spine as shown in the picture below.

Keep in mind that it may be a bit hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

Simitar Entertainment

Duplicator #125

List of Known Customers

Academy Entertainment (one known copy of Nitti: The Enforcer)
AnimEigo (one known copy of Urusei Yatsura: Nagisa's Fiancé & The Electric Household Guard)

How to Tell

Two known tapes from this duplicator had upside down printings as shown in the pictures below (e.g. 1425R07785).

In this image, the printings are a bit hard to see.

Possible Candidates

Cine Magnetics

Duplicator #126

List of Known Customers

3M (1995)

How to Tell

Some copies of the 1995 Scotch VCR Head Cleaner from this duplicator had dark printings like these for instance:

21141 175 0040 SC

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #127

List of Known Customers

Sony Music Entertainment (UK) (1998) (one known copy of 3 Lions '98)

How to Tell

One known copy of 3 Lions '98 from this duplicator had dark printings, as shown in the picture below.

Keep in mind that some of the printings may be a bit hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #128

List of Known Customers

TNM (2003) (one known copy of American Rifleman Video Collection: Police Guns)

How to Tell

One known copy of American Rifleman Video Collection: Police Guns from this duplicator had dark printings, as shown in the picture below.

Keep in mind that some of the printings may be a bit hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

The Duplication Factory

Duplicator #129

List of Known Customers

Stiletto Limited (UK) (1988) (one known copy of Classic Sporting Comic Clips)

How to Tell

One known copy of Classic Sporting Comic Clips from this duplicator had dark printings above the record tab spot, as shown in the picture below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #130

List of Known Customers

PNE Video (UK) (1997) (one known copy of The Unseen Frank Skinner TV Show)
PolyGram Video (UK) (1993)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had dark printings, as shown in the pictures below.

Keep in mind that some of the printings may be a bit hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #131

List of Known Customers

CIC Video (UK) (1990) (one known copy of Crazy People)

How to Tell

One known copy of Crazy People from this duplicator had dark printings, as shown in the picture below.

Keep in mind that some of the printings may be a bit hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #132

List of Known Customers

Game Entertainment Group (UK) (one known copy of England's Road to France)

How to Tell

One known copy of England's Road to France from this duplicator had the following dark printings:

E66C 88346 C 02 028

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #133

List of Known Customers

VCI (UK) (1997) (one known copy of Have I Got News For You)

How to Tell

One known copy of Have I Got News For You from this duplicator had dark printings, as shown in the image below.

Keep in mind that some of the printings may be hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #134

List of Known Customers

Stoney-Wolf Productions (1993) (one known copy of Legacy of Bull Mountain)

How to Tell

One known copy of Legacy of Bull Mountain by this duplicator had a number printed in white above the record tab spot (e.g. 83), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #135

List of Known Customers

Central Gospel Productions

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had the tape length printed in white above the record tab spot.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #136

List of Known Customers

Virgin Vision (UK) (1990) (one known copy of The Couch Trip)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Couch Trip by this duplicator had dark printings, as shown in the image below.

Keep in mind that some of the printings may be hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #137

List of Known Customers

Tektronix (1993)

How to Tell

One known copy of Del's Town Hall (June 28, 1993) by this duplicator had the following dark printings above the record tab spot:

V60

Said copy of the aforementioned tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #138*

List of Known Customers

MGM/UA Home Video (one known copy of Horton Hears a Who!)

How to Tell

One known copy of Horton Hears a Who! by this duplicator had a red tape guard, as well as the following dark printings on the right side of the cassette shell:

30 13

Said tape also had oversized reels.

Keep in mind that the printings may be hard to see in this image.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #139

List of Known Customers

KCTS Television (1995) (one known copy of Over America)

How to Tell

One known copy of Over America by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

T-95 S

95X062

Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #140

List of Known Customers

DIC Toon-Time Video (Canada) (one known copy of Old MacDonald's Sing-Along Farm: That's What Friends Are For)

How to Tell

One known copy of Old MacDonald's Sing-Along Farm: That's What Friends Are For by this duplicator had the following yellow printings above the record tab spot:

AFS-55

Possible Candidates

AstralTech

Duplicator #141

List of Known Customers

KCTS Television (1998)
Small World Productions

How to Tell

One known copy of Smegheads in Seattle by this duplicator had the number 60 (possibly indicating tape length) stamped in white above the record tab spot.
Said tape had oversized reels.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #142

List of Known Customers

KCTS Television (1997)

How to Tell

One known copy of Swirly Thing Alert by this duplicator had the number 118 (possibly indicating tape length) stamped in white above the record tab spot.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #143

List of Known Customers

Perpetual Motion Pictures (1999)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Seattle Rainers had the following information engraved on the bottom middle side:

T-95 99283

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #144

List of Known Customers

General Motors (1996)

How to Tell

One known copy of a Chevy Pickup info tape had the following white printings:

3742 PL

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #145

List of Known Customers

Word (1994) (one known copy of Mark Lowry: Mouth in Motion)

How to Tell

One known copy of Mark Lowry: Mouth in Motion by this duplicator had the following dark printings above the record tab spot:

58413

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #146

List of Known Customers

Simitar Entertainment (one known copy of Fishing for Bass)

How to Tell

One known copy of Fishing for Bass by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

V2000

Possible Candidates

Vaughn Communications Inc.

Duplicator #147

List of Known Customers

Unknown, but it was the distributor of Goldfish: A Girl Skateboard Movie

How to Tell

One known copy of Goldfish: A Girl Skateboard Movie by this duplicator had the following white printings:

SKC T-33 3161

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #148

List of Known Customers

Concord Video (1986) (one known copy of Learn-A-Long: Reading with Mother Goose)

How to Tell

One known copy of Learn-A-Long: Reading with Mother Goose by this duplicator had the following white printings:

030 LA801

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #149

List of Known Customers

GPN

How to Tell

Tapes by this duplicator had the number 30 printed in white above the record tab spot, possibly indicating the tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #150

List of Known Customers

A&M Video (1988) (one known copy of Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show: Who Stole the Cookies?)

How to Tell

One known copy of Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show: Who Stole the Cookies? had the number 31 printed in white above the record tab spot, possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #151

List of Known Customers

Fusion Films (1996) (one known copy of SMP: Disturbing the Peace)

How to Tell

One known copy of SMP: Disturbing the Peace by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

T-32 K6

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #152

List of Known Customers

Warner Bros. Studios Facilities (1997)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #153

List of Known Customers

Anchor Bay Entertainment (2001) (one known copy of Thomas & Friends: Cranky Bugs & Other Thomas Stories)

How to Tell

One known copy of Thomas & Friends: Cranky Bugs & Other Thomas Stories from this duplicator had the tape length printed above the record tab spot in white ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #154

List of Known Customers

A.D. Vision (1995) (one known copy of Princess Minerva)

How to Tell

One known copy of Princess Minerva from this duplicator had the number 51 printed above the record tab spot in blue ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #155

List of Known Customers

Anchor Bay Entertainment (1998) (one known copy of Evil Dead 2: Dead by Dawn Special Edition)

How to Tell

One known copy of Evil Dead 2: Dead by Dawn Special Edition from this duplicator had the following white printings:

8 105

Possible Candidates

Northstar Video Duplicators Inc.

Duplicator #156

List of Known Customers

Titan Sports (1997) (one known copy of WWF WrestleMania XI)

How to Tell

One known copy of WWF WrestleMania XI from this duplicator had the following white printings:

0863:JC

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #157

List of Known Customers

Fox Racing (1999) (one known copy of Slednecks Y2K)

How to Tell

One known copy of Slednecks Y2K from this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

T-40

20137

Said tape had oversized reels.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #158

List of Known Customers

Simitar Entertainment (one known copy of the two tapes from a Jackie Chan Double Feature release)

How to Tell

Two known tapes from this duplicator (both from a two tape set) had white printings, as shown in the image below, featuring two examples from the aforementioned tapes.

Possible Candidates

Osborn Video Productions

Duplicator #159

This information could possibly apply to more than one duplicator.

List of Known Customers

Cartoon Network (one known copy of a Cartoon Cartoon Fridays promo tape and two known copies of an I Am Weasel promo tape)

How to Tell

One known copy of a Cartoon Cartoon Fridays promo tape and two known copies of an I Am Weasel promo tape from this duplicator had a number printed in white above the record tab spot (e.g. 28 or 67), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #160

List of Known Customers

VCI Home Video (1991-1992)

How to Tell

Some copies of Dark Star from this duplicator had a blue or white sticker on the left side with printings like the following examples:

Example 1:

911010

1 791

Example 2:

920630

1 551

One of the aforementioned copies of Dark Star had the following white printings on the right side:

92 31

Said tapes were duplicated in EP/SLP mode. There may have also been tapes that were duplicated in LP mode.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #161

List of Known Customers

Diamond Sports Inc. (1992) (one known copy of ...And They Walked Away II)

How to Tell

One known copy of ...And They Walked Away II from this duplicator had the number 75 printed in dark ink above the record tab spot, possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #162

List of Known Customers

HBO Video (one known copy of Carly Simon: Live from Martha's Vineyard)

How to Tell

One known copy of one known copy of Carly Simon: Live from Martha's Vineyard by this duplicator had the tape length printed in yellow above the record tab spot.
Said tape also had some information engraved on the right side of the cassette shell, as shown in the second image below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #163

List of Known Customers

Rover Records (one known copy of Celebrate - The First Thirty Years with The Irish Rovers)

How to Tell

One known copy of Celebrate - The First Thirty Years with The Irish Rovers by this duplicator had the following white printings:

ST-60 M 408833121

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #164

List of Known Customers

Key Video (one known Betamax copy of King Creole)

How to Tell

One known Betamax copy of King Creole by this duplicator had the following white text on the back of the cassette shell:

MAG3 7 7

Possible Candidates

The CBS/Fox Company

Duplicator #165*

List of Known Customers

MCA/Universal Home Video (1991) (some screening cassettes)

How to Tell

One known copy of a screening cassette of Dead Reckoning by this duplicator had a sticker under the label which had the following information printed on it:

DEAD RECKONIN

W/MACRO

JOB # C70210

PASS # 0003

MACH # 1211

BANK # 8A

JAN 21 91

The date on this sticker was printed sideways.

As indicated by the "W/MACRO" text on the sticker, this company was possibly a Macrovision customer.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #166

List of Known Customers

Oregon Sports Network (1994) (one known copy of A Dream Season: 1994 University of Oregon Football Hightlights)

How to Tell

One known copy of A Dream Season: 1994 University of Oregon Football Hightlights by this duplicator had the tape length printed in dark ink above the record tab spot.
Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #167

List of Known Customers

C/FP Video (one known copy of The Crow)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Crow by this duplicator had the film title printed in white ink above the record tab spot.
Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #168*

List of Known Customers

World Wide Pictures Home Video (1997) (one known copy of The Ride)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Ride by this duplicator had 115 printed in dark ink above the record tape spot, possibly indicating tape length.
Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #169

List of Known Customers

Warner Home Video [Canadian] (1996) (one known copy of Twister)

How to Tell

One known copy of Twister by this duplicator had the following yellow printings:

T-120 2108960037

Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #170

List of Known Customers

Hemdale Home Video [Canadian] (1994) (one known copy of Full Contact)

How to Tell

One known copy of Full Contact by this duplicator had the following dark printings on the right side of the cassette shell:

90

Said tape did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #171

List of Known Customers

Simitar Entertainment (1995) (one known copy of Animal Bloopers and Other Funny Moments)

How to Tell

One known copy of Animal Bloopers and Other Funny Moments by this duplicator had the following white printings on the right side of the cassette shell:

667A110

Possible Candidates

Osborn Video

Duplicator #172

List of Known Customers

Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) (1999) (one known copy of Puffy Fever Fever Video)

How to Tell

One known copy of Puffy Fever Fever Video by this duplicator had the following grey printings on the tape guard:

ESVV-519 9D03P-02265

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #173

List of Known Customers

Toshiba (Japan) (2000) (one known copy of Shena Ringo Live Tour)

How to Tell

One known copy of Shena Ringo Live Tour by this duplicator had the following black printings on the tape guard:

TOVF-1350 6858-00T

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #174

List of Known Customers

Pony Canyon (Japan) (2000) (one known copy of Video Glay 4)

How to Tell

One known copy of Video Glay 4 by this duplicator had the following black printings on the tape guard:

VE-51001 00307 2609 1 45FZ

                 0C03N

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #175

List of Known Customers

Chrysler Corporation (1996)

How to Tell

Some copies of Fast Start... A Quick Review of Your New 1996 Plymouth Voyager by this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

04685556

One known copy each of Chrysler Cirrus, Dodge Stratus and Plymouth Breeze Operating Tips had the printings say this instead:

4760853

Another copy of the latter had the printings say:

4608392

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #176

List of Known Customers

Stage Fright Productions (1994) (one known copy of Choo Choo Trains: Close Up and Very Personal)

How to Tell

One known copy of Choo Choo Trains: Close Up and Very Personal by this duplicator had 35 printed above the record tab spot in white, possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #177

List of Known Customers

Karl Lorimar Home Video (1986) (one known copy of Clifford's Sing Along Adventure)

How to Tell

One known copy of Clifford's Sing Along Adventure by this duplicator had 30 printed on the bottom middle side in white, possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Northstar Video Duplicators Inc.

Duplicator #178

List of Known Customers

Planet Video (1982-1983)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here started with the SMPTE color bars.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #179

List of Known Customers

A.D. Vision (1995) (one known copy of New Cutey Honey Vol. 3)

How to Tell

One known copy of New Cutey Honey Vol. 3 from this duplicator had the number 75 printed next to the record tab spot in blue ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #180

List of Known Customers

GPN (one known copy of Reading Rainbow: Animal Cafe)

How to Tell

One known copy of Reading Rainbow: Animal Cafe from this duplicator had a number printed above the record tab spot in dark ink, like in the example shown in the below picture.

This example may be hard to see.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #181

List of Known Customers

GPN (????-2002)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had white printings like the following examples:

Example 1:

T-30 HG 190 2 S 1 1811 2FNE

EMTEC DC

2F↻NE

Example 2:

T-30 HG 213 2 S 2 1129 2FNE

EMTEC DC

2F↻NE

Example 3:

T-30 HG 176 2 S 6 1416 2FNE

EMTEC DC

2F↻NE

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #182

List of Known Customers

GPN

How to Tell

Three known tapes from this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

T30FUJI

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #183

List of Known Customers

Compañia Oxxo (one known copy of El Hombre de Blanco)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

SPR T-90

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #184

List of Known Customers

411

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the following printings above the record tab spot:

BD T-65

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #185

List of Known Customers

21st Genesis Home Video (one known copy of Bloodbath)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the white printings on the left side of the cassette shell, as shown in the picture below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #186

List of Known Customers

Small Fry Productions (one known copy of Jingle-Bell Baby)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the following dark printings on the bottom spine:

T-30 102301 1211

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #187

List of Known Customers

Atari Games (one known copy of a Vapor TRX - Site 4 Preview tape)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

T-5

96238

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #188

List of Known Customers

Sony Wonder (Canada) (one known copy of Sesame Street: Big Bird Sings!)

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot:

S-30

S0720210

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #189

List of Known Customers

New Deal Skateboard Products (one known copy of Promo 'Ninety Six')

How to Tell

One known tape from this duplicator had the following white printings above the record tab spot, as shown in the image below.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #190

List of Known Customers

Fine Line Features (one known copy of an Academy screener tape for Death and the Maiden)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (one known copy of an Academy screener tape for Stargate)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had white printings, formatted like the following example:

T105 VTP 12/15/94

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #191

List of Known Customers

Simitar Entertainment (Dick Tracy: The Series/Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had dark printings on the bottom spine like the following examples:

Example 1:

PE 2210 450523

Example 2:

PE 2211 150522

Between the two sets of numbers was a two-digit number in white (e.g. 17 or 23), possibly indicating tape length.
Tapes duplicated here do not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #192

List of Known Customers

Videomax (1998-1999)
Warner Home Video Mexico (1999) (one known copy of Revancha)

How to Tell

Tapes from this duplicator had white printings with a print date.
Tapes duplicated here also had information in the vertical blanking interval, formatted like the following examples:

Example 1:

99CVCND2

Example 2:

98CVCND2

Possible Candidates

Cinram

Duplicator #193

List of Known Customers

Investor's Business Daily

How to Tell

One known copy of The Real Secrets to Making Money had the following white printings on the right side of the cassette shell:

JOB 2250

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #194

List of Known Customers

Republic Pictures Home Video (1989)

How to Tell

A few tapes duplicated here had a number printed in white on the left-hand side of the bottom middle side (e.g. 90 or 127), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #195

List of Known Customers

Republic Pictures Home Video (1989)

How to Tell

One known tape duplicated here had a number printed in white on the bottom middle side (e.g. 90), possibly indicating tape length.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #196

List of Known Customers

Liberty Entertainment Group (1989) (one known copy of The Sellout)

How to Tell

One known copy of The Sellout duplicated here had a sticker on the tape guard, with the following information on it:

THE SELLOUT

0043660 003P001

2/6/89 3- 5

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #197

List of Known Customers

Kids Motion International (1999) (one known copy each of Barney: L'Ile Imaginaire and Barney: C'est L'Heure des Chiffres)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had a print date in white ink, with the printings being formatted like these examples:

Example 1:

100799-2L E5 R22049

Example 2:

100799-2L E5 R22052

Said copy of Barney: L'Ile Imaginaire did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #198

List of Known Customers

ABC Video (Australia) (1999-2000)

How to Tell

Tapes duplicated here had a print date in white ink, with the printings being formatted like these examples:

Example 1:

122169 Wiggles - Big Red Car

        16:10   25/02/00    00171

Example 2:

122171 Wiggles-Wiggle Dance

        16:32   25/02/00    00177

Example 3:

122166 Wiggles - Toot Toot-New Revised '99 Vers

        11:19   25/02/00    00075

Example 1:

122170 Dorothy the Dinosaur and Friends Videos

        13:26   25/02/00    00015

Possible Candidates

Duplicator #199

List of known customers

New York Yankees

How to tell

Tapes duplicated here had green ink below the label, like this for example:

18443 28

On the back, identical markings in dark ink were printed over both spools, like this for example:

181-3-T38

Tapes duplicated here did not have anything in the vertical blanking interval.

Possible candidates

PSI Multimedia

Duplicator #200

List of known customers

MCA/Universal Home Video (1994) (one known copy of Beethoven's 2nd)

How to tell

One known copy of Beethoven's 2nd had the following white printings on the bottom middle spine:

BEETHOVEN 2ND. 337 1844

Possible candidates

Duplicator #201

List of known customers

IMAX Corporation

How to tell

One known copy of Cosmic Voyage duplicated here had invisible ink on the bottom spine, like this for example:

280820046

Possible candidates

Duplicator #202

List of known customers

Les Films Séville Pictures (one known copy of Donkey Kong Country: Kong Fu)

How to tell

One known copy of Donkey Kong Country: Kong Fu duplicated here had information printed in the vertical blanking interval, as seen in the picture below.

Possible candidates

Other duplicators to be identified

There are still several duplicators that have yet to be identified, many of which their tapes did not have any kind of printing on the cassette, anything in the vertical blanking interval or anything at the end, not even following the static, and others which may simply not have any known specimens in the hands of the wiki's userbase. Here is a list of labels/distributors that have duplicated their tapes at such unknown companies, and the known periods of time they were the duplication companies' clients:

10th Ave. Video
100% Educational Videos
20th Century Home Entertainment (2024) (Alien: Romulus (Limited Edition) VHS) (whether or not this was just Vantiva Supply Chain Solutions is unknown)
21st Genesis Home Video
3 Star Releasing
4 Star Home Video (1989)
Abba Dabba Productions, LLC (2001)
A Couple 'A Cowboys (1995) (Atmosfear: The Harbingers)
Acclaim Entertainment Inc. (1987)
Acorn Video
Active Home Video
AdultX
Aid Association for Lutherans (1987-2001, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
AIMS Multimedia
Allied Artists Video (1984-2005) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
All Sports Entertainment, Inc. (1989)
Anchor Bay Entertainment (2004-2006)
AnimEigo (199?-1994) (this could possibly have just been Cine Magnetics)
APL International Inc. (1993-1994) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Arcade Pictures/CNR Video (Netherlands) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Ardustry Home Entertainment
Artisan Home Entertainment (1999-2002, for a few tapes, such as some copies of Alice in Wonderland, Dinotopia, Dune, Lonesome Dove and The 10th Kingdom, although this could possibly be more than one duplicator)
Artists Attack
Artist View Entertainment
Astronics Tele-Cine Ltd.
The Asylum Home Entertainment
Atlas Entertainment Corporation (1992)
Avalanche Home Entertainment (1999-2000)
AVEC
Azteca Pictures
Aztlan Media (some copies of Dos Camionetas Blindadas)
Babyscapes, Inc.
The Baby School Company, Inc. (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Barr Entertainment
Benson Music Group (1993)
Best Film and Video Corp. (some tapes)
Big Face Books (tapes distributed by Sony Wonder)
Big Top Video
Blay Video/Embassy Home Entertainment (1981-1984)
Blazing Arrow Entertainment (1998)
Bloopy Home Video (1997)
Body Buddy Inc. Productions
Boo Boo Productions
Brain Damage Films
The Brainy Baby Company, LLC.
Brass Eagle, Inc. (some tapes)
The Bridgestone Group (????-????) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
- Agapeland Home Video (????-????)
Brentwood Home Video
Brimstone Productions (1995)
Broadman & Holman Publishers
Burbank Video (1983-1989)
Burning Moon Home Video
Budget Video
Camp Video
Canal+ Video (France) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Capstone Entertainment
Cascom Home Video
CBS Music Video Enterprises (1988-1990) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
CBS Video Library (1981-1982)
Cerebellum Corporation (2000, 2002) (although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
ChoiceMark Corp. (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Children's Television Workshop (some Shalom Sesame tapes) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Children's Video of America (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Chiron Industries
Chronicle Videocassettes
Cinema Home Video
Cinemathex Collection
City Lights Home Video
Classic Family Entertainment
Colorado Division of Wildlife (1990)
Comedy III Productions
Command Home Video
Communications Diversified (1989)
Complete Entertainment Inc.
Concord Video
Connor Toy Corporation (1987)
Creative Communication Center (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Crest (2003-2004) (Geena's Tremendous Tooth Adventure) (although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
The Criterion Collection
CRIZMAC Art and Cultural Education Materials, Inc. (2001)
Crocus Entertainment (1989) (this could possibly have been a Minnesota-based duplicator)
Cycle Vision Tours
DAVAURA Inc. (1992)
Davis/Panzer Productions
Dead Alive Productions
DEJ Productions (1998-1999, 2000)
DG Distributors
Diamond Entertainment (1988-1989)
Dino & Rocco (1993-1994)
D.I.N. (Do it Now), Inc. (2001)
Direct Source Special Products
Direct Video (1988-1990)
Discount Video Tapes
Dollywood (1995)
Dreamland Home Video
Duratape, Inc.
Eagle Rock Entertainment (this could possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
Early Advantage Programs for Children
Easyriders Home Video (1995)
Eaton Entertainment
Edde Entertainment
Educational Products for Infancy, Inc. (1999-2004, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
Elektra Entertainment
El Matador (2003)
Esquire Video (India)
ESPN Home Video (1989-1993)
Essex Video
Even Steven Productions
EVG Digital Entertainment
Excalibur Films
Excellent Video
Exclusive Pictures
Expanded Entertainment
Extravaganza Productions (1993)
Family Entertainment Network (1992)
Family Express Video
Fantasy Home Video (1986-1991)
Fat Dog Productions
First Look Home Entertainment (one duplicator from 1999-2000, another from 2001-2004, and yet another from 2005-2006)
Filmax (Spain) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Films for the Humanities and Sciences (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Film Threat Video
Filmways Home Video/Filmpac Home Video (Australia)
Finley Holiday Films
Fisher Price (Little People and Rescue Heroes tapes)
Fotodisk Video
Fred Levine Productions
Fries Home Video (1989-1992)
Front Row Entertainment
FUNimation Entertainment (1999-2000, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Futura Home Video (1995)
Gameplan/Artranch (1994)
Gameplan Video (2003)
Gary Semics Motocross School, Inc.
Gateway Learning Corporation (1998) (Hooked on Phonics Introductory Video)
Gateway Films/Vision Video
Gator Home Entertainment (2001-2004)
Genius Products (1999)
Go Cat (1993)
GoodTimes Home Video (some copies of Six Hours of Spurs and Saddles)
Gorgon Video
Gospel Films Video
Gospel Light Video (this could possibly have just been Matrix Video)
GPN (this could possibly have just been the Duplication Factory)
Grandfather Reads LLC (1999)
GRB Entertainment (some copies of War Dogs: America's Forgotten Heroes)
Grindhouse Releasing (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Gruppo Ricordi Video (Italy) (this could have possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Guthy Renker Video
GWN Video
Haber Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Halestorm Entertainment (2003) (The R.M.)
Hallmark Home Entertainment (1995) (the demo VHS of The Madness of King George)
Harmony Vision (1981-1983)
Harvey Comics Home Video (1990-1992?) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Hart Sharp Video (2002-2007, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
HBO Home Video (19??-1999) (screener tapes) (although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
Hemdale Home Video (1991-1995, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
High Video
Hip Hop Slam Video (1999)
HIS Video
Hollywood's Attic
Hollywood Products
Home Mission Board
Home Vision Entertainment (this could possibly have just been Allied Film & Video)
Hosca Home Video Production (1987)
HPG Home Video
HV Films (1999)
Iguana Producciones (1996)
Image Entertainment
Image Home Video (1986)
Indigo Entertainment, Inc.
In-Fisherman Video
Inspired Corporation
Interactive VCR Games
International Video Network (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
International Multimedia Yearbooks
Jeremiah Films
JM Marketing
John I. Bailey
K5 International (Canada)
Karl Video Corporation (1981-1982)
KB Releasing
KCNC-TV Denver
Kidmark, Inc. (unrelated to the children's sub-division of Trimark Home Video)
King World Direct
Kino on Video (1989-1999; 2001-2003) (from 2001-2003, some tapes) (this could possibly have just been DXB Video Tapes)
Knopf Video Books (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
KnoWhutImean? Home Video
Koch Vision
Kodak Video Programs
K-TEL Video (1984)
LA Production Group
LA Video Corporation
Laguna Films
LawrenceVision 3D (1993) (the non-Avon print of Goldilocks & the 3 Bears in 3-D)
LD Video Productions, Inc. (1992)
Leisure View Video (UK)
Leucadia Family Films
- Sandstar Family Entertainment
Lightyear Entertainment (1993)
Lightworks Audio & Video (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Lobo Pictures
Liguori Publishing (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Little Mammoth Media (1997)
Lumivision (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Lutheran Brotherhood (1992-2001, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
M3D Studios, Inc.
- M3D ProFilm Inc.
Macrovision
Madacy Entertainment Group (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Madison Square Garden Home Video
Malibu Graphics, Inc.
Manhattan Entertainment (some tapes)
Mark IV Pictures
Mark V International (1987)
Marshmallow Media Group
Master Communications
MasterVision (1981-1988, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
Mattel Games (1992) (Wayne's World VCR Board Game!)
Maverick Entertainment (1997-2006) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Maxximum Pics Entertainment (2000)
MCM Entertainment
Media Blasters
- Anime Works
Media West Home Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Medusa Communications (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Michael Weise Productions (1997)
Million Dollar Video Corporation
MindStorm Productions
Miramax Films (1993; 1999) (in 1993, the Academy screener cassette of Farewell My Concubine; in 1999, Shakespeare in the Classroom) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
The Mirisch Video Company (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
MorningStar Entertainment (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
More Entertainment (1990)
Morris Video (1984-1990, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
MTI Home Video
MVP Home Entertainment
NBC (1994) (some Emmy screener tapes)
NBR Enterprises
New & Unique Video (this could have been possibly the client of more than one duplicator)
New Horizons Home Video/New Concorde (1990-2005) (this could be possibly the client of more than one duplicator)
New Image Video
NFL Films Video (1978-1984) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Nick Jr. (1997-1998) (Blue's Clues: Snacktime and Blue's Clues: Blue's ABC's (Special Teacher's Edition)) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
Nikon
Niles Entertainment (1978)
Nintendo (1999) (Pikachu's Winter Vacation)
NOW Video (1992)
NPS Home Video
O Entertainment (1999)
Oregon Sports Network (2002)
Orson Video (India)
Pak Entertainment (1994)
Pamplin Entertainment
Panorama International
Parade Video
Parker Brothers (1985, 1987, 1993) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
Paws & Play Games (1994)
Peerless Films (1986)
Pixar Animation Studios (1991) (this could possibly have just been Diner/Allied Film and Video)
Platinum Disc Corporation (1998-2001; 2004-2005) (between 2004-2005, releases printed in the USA) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
Platinum Productions
Playboy Home Video
- Eros Collection
Playhouse Disney (Jojo's Circus Special Teacher's Edition and Little Einsteins: Climb Aboard and Get Ready to Explore!) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
PM Entertainment Group Inc.
Pressman (1986)
Price/Stern/Sloan Video (1985-1989, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Private Screenings/Luna Video (1984-1990, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Quality X Video Cassette Company
Quest Entertainment
Questar Home Video (1998) (one known copy of The Great Sioux Uprising)
Rabbit Ears Productions (1990-1991) (some tapes distributed by MCA Distributing Corporation/Uni Distribution Corporation)
Radar Communications Inc. (2001)
Rae Don Home Video (1988-1990, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Rainbow Entertainment (Australia) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Raven Releasing (1998)
Raven Video (some copies of Scream the Wolf)
Reader's Digest Home Entertainment (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Reel Gore Productions (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Red Tape Productions (UK)
Replay Home Entertainment
RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video (some 1990-1991 demo tapes)
RCA Victor Video (1992)
RPTA Video (UK)
Rupicola VCR Games (1990)
Safety 4 Kids LLC. (2003)
Saturn Productions, Inc.
Schlessinger Media (2000) (one known copy of Beowulf)
Scholastic (1996, 2002) (I Spy: More Than Meets the Eye and Clifford the Big Red Dog: A New Friend) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
SCI, Inc. (1999)
SCI Productions
Score Productions (1990)
Screen Media Films (2002-2003) (some copies of Looking for an Echo, Rock My World and Pete's Meteor) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Screen Pix Home Video
Second City Video (1978)
Sega of America
SGE Home Video (1989-1991)
Shadow Entertainment (some copies of Birthrite)
Shine Home Entertainment (1991)
Shokus Video
Sideshow Cinema
Silver Lake Home Video (1995)
Singing Babies Co. I, LLC. (2000)
Sinistar Entertainment (1999)
SISU Home Entertainment (some tapes)
SkyRiver Films Alaska (1994)
SlingShot Entertainment (2002)
Soho Productions
SouthGate Entertainment (1989-1991)
Spartan Home Entertainment
Spectrum Films (1997-2000) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Spinmaker Video (1986-1988) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
SRO Video/Opening Night Productions/Curtain Call Productions (1981-1985)
Star Licks
Sterling Home Entertainment
Strand Releasing Home Video (1998-2001, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Studio Entertainment (1988-1990)
Studio Home Entertainment (2000-2001)
Stuttering Foundation of America (1996)
Summit Media
Sunburst Visual Media
Sundance Channel Home Entertainment (2004) (In This World and Die Mommie Die!) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Sunrise Productions, LLC
Super Video Inc.
Sylvan Learning Center (2002)
Syme Home Video (Australia)
Taki Corporation (Japan)
Tapeworm Video Distributor
Taunton Books & Video (1990)
Teacher's Video Company
Televidics Productions (1988)
Tempe Video (1997)
Terra Entertainment
Tesla Memorial Society
TF1 Video (France)
Third Coast Entertainment (1994)
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (2002-2006, although this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
TLC Video (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
TM Books & Video
TMW Media Group (2000)
Today Home Entertainment (1986-1988)
Together in the Harvest Ministries, Inc. (1999)
Tommy Nelson
Trans World Entertainment (1984-1989)
Triboro Entertainment Group
Tri-Line Entertainment (1996)
Trinity Home Entertainment (2001)
TriStar Pictures (1993) (some Academy screener tapes)
Trolley Car Record and Filmworks
Troma Team Video (2001)
TSR Inc. (1993)
Tycoon Home Video (Mexico)
Unicorn Video
United Home Video (1984-1986)
Urban Classics Video (1987-1988)
UrbanWorks Entertainment (2002)
USA Home Entertainment (2001-2002)
Valashard Toys 'N' Tapes
- Valashard Video Tapes
VCI Entertainment
VCII (this could possibly have shared its duplicator with Video Cassette X-Rated)
Velocity Home Entertainment (2004-2005)
Vidcrest
Video Cassette Games, Inc. (1987)
Video City Productions (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Video Classics (Australia) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Video Club of America
Video Film Organization (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Video Marketing Services
Video Programme Distributors (UK) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Video Tape Network (1979-1982) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
VideoTours (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Video Yesteryear
Vidtape Inc.
Voyager Entertainment
Velocity Home Entertainment (2004-2005)
ViaGrafix Corporation (1999)
Vidco: The Video Company
Video Collectibles Corporation
VideoSonic (Greece) (this could have possibly been the client of more than one duplicator)
Vision Factory (some copies of Embalmer)
Visionsmiths
Viva Video
Voxcorp Inc. (2002)
Walt Disney Home Entertainment (2004) (Toon Pals sampler tapes)
Water Bearer Films
Wellspring Media (1994-1999) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Wolfe Video
Woodhaven Entertainment
Word Ministry Resources
World Video Pictures/Western World Video (1983-1989, although this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator at the time)
World Wrestling Entertainment Home Video (one duplicator from 1997-1999, and another from 2004-2005)
Xebec Home Video
YES! Entertainment Corporation (1993) (TV Teddy tapes)
York Home Video/York Entertainment (1990-2004) (this could possibly be the client of more than one duplicator)
Young Generation Video
Zane Entertainment Group

Distributors that likely self-duplicated

Caballero Control Corporation
Kartes Video Communications/KVC Home Video (1984-1993)
Sinister Cinema
Something Weird Video
Video Cassette X-Rated
Video Warehouse, Inc.

Vertical Blanking Interval Tags from Other Unknown Duplicators

NOTE: Do NOT move any of these tags, even those where a duplicator has been possibly identified, until you can obtain concrete confirmation from other sources such as the individuals who originally captured the VBIs, via good pictures of the cassette proper at the relevant view or another method.

Codes like this were used at the beginning and end of tapes by a few duplicators, such as a few tapes by Allied Digital Technologies. There may be one duplicator that used codes like this, though.