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Deluxe Digital Studios: Difference between revisions
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* Bell & Howell/Paramount Pictures Video Services (1979-1982)
* Bell & Howell/Columbia Pictures/Paramount Video Services (1982-1988)
** BHCP Video (shorthand form)
* Rank Video Services America (1988-1998)
* Deluxe Video Services, Inc. (1998-2002)
* Deluxe Media Services, Inc. (2002-2007)
== List of Customers ==
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* Castle Communications PLC
* Central Park Media
* Classic World Productions Inc. (2001) (one known copy of The Four Tops 40th Anniversary Special: Live From The MGM Grand in Las Vegas)
* Cinema Group Home Video/Palisades Home Video▼
* Columbia House (1992-2005)
* Concord Video (198?-199?)
* Creative Light Video (2002)
* DiC Home Entertainment (2003-2004) (tapes distributed by Sterling Entertainment Group)
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* Geneon Entertainment (2000-2007)
* Golden Books Family Entertainment/ClassicMedia (1985-2005)
* Independent United Distributors
* Kit Parker Films (tapes distributed by Central Park Media)
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* Media Home Entertainment (some 1984 tapes)
* MGM/UA Home Video (1982) (original release of Victor/Victoria)
** Hemdale Home Video (1992) (some copies of The Terminator as included in The Terminator Collection)
* Milton Bradley (1986)
* Miramax Films (2001-2002) (academy screener tapes)
* National Geographic Video (tapes distributed by Columbia TriStar Home Video)
* NC Video (1988)
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* Paramount Home Entertainment (1979-2005)
** CBS Video (1990-2005) (including tapes distributed by FoxVideo/20th Century Fox Home Entertainment prior to 2000)
** Nickelodeon
▲*** Nick Jr. Video (1996-2005)
** Republic Pictures Home Video (1988-1992)
** Simon & Schuster Video
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* Passage Home Communications (1989)
* PBS Video (1980-1982)
* Program Hunters, Inc./World Video Pictures
* Razor & Tie (2002)
* Something Weird Video (some copies of Death Curse of Tartu)
* Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (1982-2005) (for screener tapes, 1992-2004)
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** Sony Wonder (1999-2005)
*** Random House Home Video (1986-2005)
* TV Cassette Corporation of America
* Tyndale House Publishers
* Universal Pictures Home Entertainment (1980-1983, 1986-present)
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* VideoVisa S.A. (1985-1995)
* View Master Video
* Viz Video (Pokémon tapes distributed by Pioneer)
* Warner Home Video (some copies of Batman)
** Allied Artists Video
** Thorn EMI/HBO Video (1981-1986)
* World Wide Pictures Home Video (1984)
* Zenith Electronics (1984-1992)
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** The stickers would always have numbers on them.
* From mid-February 1986 to sometime in 1996, there was a convex sticker under the front label with a bar code, a set of 8 numbers, a six-digit code starting with M, and the tape nominal length (e.g. T-120). Such tapes have the white screen test pattern with a 1000 hz tone, usually for half a minute, followed by a black screen for 20 seconds before the tape ended. Starting in late 1986, a loud 5-second blare (commonly nicknamed "the moaning sound", and that term will be used to refer to this blare for the rest of this article) plays in the last few seconds.
** On some tapes with the loud blare, the last two seconds of the blare are cut off.
* Around the beginning of August 1985, an early form of the rectangular sticker was introduced. It consisted of a medium-sized bar code and a set of 11 numbers.
** The sticker evolved over the years. Its first major change came in late 1988: a bigger barcode with an 18-digit code. Colored sides were introduced in July 1989; red was the first. Cyan came next, in early October 1991. Then came magenta in mid-April 1992, green in mid-May 1992, and yellow in mid-June 1992. Blue was the last to show up, sometime in 1996. From Q4 1995, the bar code was smaller in height. Occasionally in the early '90s, the numbers were smaller.
** The next step in evolution, in mid-August 1991, used the same size bar code, but four sequences of numbers: a six-digit code, a single digit, another six-digit code, and a five-digit code. Only tapes before late August 1995 used the white screen test pattern. Some early tapes with this sticker had the red colored sides, while a rare EP/SLP mode tape with this sticker had the purple sides.
** On some tapes from the 1980s to mid-1990s, there's a barcode with the numbers much harder to decipher with a sticker on top of the barcode. Tapes with this barcode mainly have the moaning sound only at the end, while some tapes with this barcode have the above mentioned white screen test pattern and full-screen static before it, such as EP/SLP mode tapes with this barcode.
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* Sometimes the moaning sound only lasts 3 seconds and/or has a slightly different pitch.
* Some EP/SLP mode tapes by Random House Home Video and Family Home Entertainment did not have the white screen test pattern at all, instead having an extended black screen that played until just before the quarter-minute black screen closing with the moaning sound. However, one known copy of ''The Velveteen Rabbit'' with this credential still had the white screen test pattern before it.
* Most EP/SLP mode tapes printed in mid-1989, such as tapes in IVE's August blockbuster promotion and September horror promotion, had the white screen test pattern in widescreen with red letterbox bars at the top and bottom; this may have also been the case with some SP mode tapes printed between 1988-1989 such as tapes released by Golden Book Video, Random House Home Video,
* On some tapes duplicated at Northbrook from the late 80s to 90s, there are some dark red, green or white printings on the bottom middle side of the cassette. Tapes with these printings have the above mentioned white screen test pattern at the end.
Example 1:
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''' V-4770 TOY STORY'''
** On tapes printed in Newbury Park, different white printings appear on the bottom middle side of the tape. These do not have the above mentioned white screen test pattern at the end. The last known appearance of this printing occurred December 8, 1988.
Example:
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'''9/15/88 P1D#0766 WO6043 T85 RVSA'''
* Some 1986-1992 tapes manufactured at Tandy-Rank (a joint venture with Tandy Corporation) may have an ink manufacture date on the left-hand of the bottom
* Some 1986-1995 tapes have the white screen test pattern with the 1000 hz tone at the end; this is usually only the case with tapes that have printings on the bottom side.
* Most 1981-2005 tapes have a year-week code.
** The first number is the last number of the year the tape was printed. The last two numbers indicate the week (usually 01 through 52).
*** E.G. if the code reads "PAR228", "PAR 228", "RVS 228" or "DLX 228", then depending on the age of the tape, it could mean the tape was printed
**** Sometimes in 1989, the code was printed backwards, in which the week is the first two numbers and the year is the third and last number. If the code read "WHV 439" (as taken from one known copy of ''Batman''), it could mean the 43rd week of 1989.
**** On some tapes printed during the 1st week of a certain year, the code may be misprinted as the 53rd week of the previous year. For example, a tape printed during the 1st week of 1994 may have the code misprinted as "PAR 353" (this example taken from one known copy of ''Charlotte's Web''), rather than "PAR 401" (this example taken from another known copy of ''Charlotte's Web''). This can never happen in a year ending on a Saturday.
** Pre-1985 prints have the code engraved on the back of the tape.
*** Pre-1983 prints have the company abbreviation letters engraved next to the code in blue.
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* Tapes duplicated in Mexicali from 1987-1995 would have a visible blend sticker plastered over the back of the packaging that says "Made in Mexico." After 1995, the notation would be printed underneath the label on some sticker-label tapes.
* Tapes duplicated from 1982 to early 1986 would have a code on the left of the vertical blanking interval that begins with "B+H." From mid-1986 to very early 1987, this was moved to the right of the VBI.
* Tapes duplicated in 1987 or later would have a code on the right of the vertical blanking interval that begins with either "BHCP" (1987-early 1996), "RVSA" (late 1995-1998) or "DELUXE" (post-1998) and ends with a one or two digit number. [[Central de Video|Central Video]], a spinoff of RVSA, as well as [[3-G Videocassette Corporation]] and a different duplication company, also used the "BHCP" code until 1999.
* EP/SLP mode tapes duplicated at Deluxe (formerly Rank) from mid-1997 to 2001 (as well as SP mode tapes from the time with the white screen test pattern) have a code on the vertical-blanking interval during the first few seconds of the black screen at the beginning, consisting of the first three, four, five or six digits from the barcode on the tape (without the extra zeros in front of them) and five other digits. After those few seconds, the vertical blanking interval would change to either "RVSA" or "DELUXE" (see above). These tapes had the white screen test pattern only at the end.
* It is not yet known for certain how to differentiate tapes duplicated at Northbrook, Garden Grove, El Segundo, and North Little Rock.
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* CHC - Columbia House Video Club (1992-1999)
* CTV - Columbia TriStar Home Video (1992-1998)
* DLX (1998-2005)*
* MCA - MCA Home Video/MCA/Universal Home Video (
* PAR - Paramount Home
* PSM - Prism Entertainment (1984-198?)
* RCA - RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video/Columbia TriStar Home Video (1988-1992)
* RCP - RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video (1982-1988)
* RVS - CBS/Fox Video/FoxVideo/20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (1990-1998), Central Park Media (only on Software Sculptors titles; 199?-199?), Artisan Entertainment (1989-1998), East Texas Distributors (19??-19??), Paramount Home Video (some tapes; 199?-199?)
* TEV - Thorn EMI/HBO Video (1981-1986)
* UHV - Universal Studios Home Video (1997-1998)
* VV - VideoVisa (1985-1994)
* WHV - Warner Home Video (1989)
NOTE: *This abbreviation letter code was not officially used by Paramount Home Video/Paramount Home Entertainment until mid-1999.
==Known digits at the end of the VBI codes==
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File:Orange Sticker (Bell & Howell) (Lionel Richie - All Night Long, 1985 RCA-Columbia).jpg|Same example as pictures #1 and #2.
File:White Sticker (Bell & Howell) (Popples - Bonnie's Popple Party, 1986 RCA-Columbia).jpg|An example of the simpler white sticker found on tapes printed from 1985 to 1987.
File:PAR Engraving (Bell & Howell) (Airplane!, 1981 Paramount).jpg|A year-week code etched on the back of a tape. The engraving on the tape shown in the above picture reads "PAR140," which means it was printed
File:Year-Week Code Sticker (Bell & Howell) (The Batty World of Baseball, 1982 Columbia).jpg|A year-week code printed on a sticker on the back of a tape. The sticker on the tape shown in the above picture reads "TCA221," which means it was printed during the 21st week of 1982.
File:Nutcracker - The Motion Picture (1987 Paramount Home Video).jpg|An example of the barcode sticker that was introduced in 1985.<br>First used: TBD<br>Last used: TBD
</gallery>
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===Deluxe Video Services===
===Deluxe Media Services===
===VBIs===
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File:Rank Video Services America (Early 1992).jpg
File:Rank Video Services America.jpg
File:As Good as It Gets (Demo VHS) (1998 Columbia TriStar Home Video).jpg|An example of the VBI code used on tapes from late 1995 to early June 1998.
File:ALLINT~4.JPG|Example #1 of the VBI that was used mostly on EP/SLP mode tapes from mid-1997 to 2001.
File:BLUE'S~1.JPG|Example #2 of the VBI that was used mostly on EP/SLP mode tapes from mid-1997 to 2001.
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<gallery>
File:Deluxe Video Services, Inc..jpg
File:Basic (Demo VHS) (2003 Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment).jpg|An example of the VBI code used on tapes from early June 1998 to mid-August 2005.
</gallery>
====Deluxe Media Services====
<gallery>
File:Deluxe Media Services, Inc..png
</gallery>
====Other photos====
<gallery>
File:Deluxe Video Services Factory.jpg
File:Video by Deluxe.jpg
</gallery>
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* Los Angeles, California (1988) (acquired from Republic and ultimately consolidated into Rank's Garden Grove operations)
* Mexicali, Baja California (1981-1991) (co-owned with [[Videovisa S.A.]], moved to Calexico)
* Newbury Park, California (1988
* North Little Rock, Arkansas (1995-2009) (ultimately sold to Caterpillar, currently used for motor grader assembly)
* Northbrook, Illinois (1979-present)
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==Trivia==
* Some tapes with either the company's RVS initialism engraved on the left or right side of the tape and/or its RNK or RK initialisms
* Some tapes with the company's DLX initialism
* Some tapes with the name "DELUXE MEDIA" on the sticker on the right side of the tape, specifically Paramount Home Entertainment and DreamWorks Home Entertainment demo tapes from 2007-2008, were instead duplicated at [[Crest National]].
* The first tape to roll off the assembly line at the company's North Little Rock location was ''Legends of the Fall''.
* The company had used EP/SLP as early as Q1 1988 when it demonstrated a test VHS pressing of ''Top Gun'' from Paramount Home Video.
==Website==
* [http://bydeluxe.com bydeluxe.com]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20240000000000*/bydeluxe.com Older revisions of the site] can be viewed via the Wayback Machine.
==See also==
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[[Category:Duplicators]]
[[Category:Videodisc replicators]]
[[Category:Anime duplicators]]
[[Category:Duplicators from Illinois]]
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