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#REDIRECT [[Vantiva Supply Chain Solutions]]
== Former names ==
* The Vidtronics Company (1981-1985)
* VCA/Technicolor Duplicating Corp. (1985-1987)
** VCA-Teletronics, Inc. (1972-1987)
*** S/T Videocassette Duplicating Corp. (East Coast plants)
*** Teletronics-Texas, Inc. (Houston plant)
* Technicolor Videocassette, Inc. (1985-1997)
* Technicolor Video Services (1993-1997)
* Technicolor Optical Media Services (1994-1997)
* Technicolor Video/CD/DVD Services (1997-2010)
* Technicolor Home Entertainment Services (2010-2022)

== Current names ==
* Vantiva Supply Chain Services (2022-present)

== List of Customers ==
* 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (1986-2003)
** New World Video (1985-1989)
* Avon (1988-2005)
* Brentwood Home Video/BCI Eclipse (1997-2004)
** Simitar Entertainment (1989-1993)
* Best Film and Video Corporation
* Cabin Fever Entertainment (some copies of Lonesome Dove)
* DawnSignPress
* Feature Films for Families (1995-1996) (some tapes)
* Fox Racing (2000-2001)
* HIT Entertainment (2001-2006)
** Lyrick Studios (1997-2001)
*** The Lyons Group (1993)
* Integrity Music
* Interactive Learning Group (2000)
* Kit Parker Films (1985-199?) (tapes distributed by Buena Vista Home Video)
* Knowledge Adventure (1999-2002)
* Lionsgate Home Entertainment (1999-2007)
** Artisan Entertainment (1989-2004)
*** Vestron Video (1982-1993)
**** Time-Life Video (pre-1982 incarnation) (1980-1982)
** Trimark Home Video (1992-2004)
** Anchor Bay Entertainment (1995, 2006-2007)
*** Video Treasures (1990-1995)
**** Burbank Video (1992-1995)
**** Teal Entertainment (1994-1995)
**** Strand Home Video (1994)
**** MNTex Entertainment (1992-1995)
*** Starmaker Entertainment (1989-1995)
* Major League Baseball Productions (1990)
* MGM Home Entertainment (1980-1990, 2002)
** Cannon Video (1988-1996)
** Forum Home Video (1985-1989)
* MPI Home Video (1985-19??)
* New Yorker Films (2004)
* The Nostalgia Merchant (1984)
* Paramount Home Entertainment (1988-1993, 2000, 2005-2007)
** Republic Pictures Home Video (1992-2000)
** Worldvision Home Video (1987-1995)
* Shell Oil Company
* Simon Marketing (1988-199?)
* Sony Pictures Home Entertainment (1981-1982, 1987-1988, 2005-2007)
** Sony Music Entertainment (1995-1997, 2005-2007)
*** Zomba Video
**** Jive Records
** Sony Wonder (1995-1997, 2005-2007)
*** Random House Home Video (1996-1997, 2005-2007)
** Columbia House Video (1987-2005)
** SVS/Triumph Home Video (1981-1992)
* Starlight Home Entertainment (2002)
* Sundance Channel Home Entertainment (2003) (some copies of ''The Slaughter Rule'')
* Tiger Electronics (1990s)
* Time-Life Video
* Tokyopop (2001)
* Tyco Industries (1980s-1990s)
* Universal Pictures Home Entertainment (1982-1996, 2005-present)
* Urban Vision Entertainment
* VCI Home Video (1981)
* VidAmerica, Inc.
* Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment (1980-2009)
* Warner Home Video (1980-present)
** HBO Home Entertainment (1981-1982, 1986-present)
** Lorimar Home Video (1985-1989)
* Weston Woods Studios

== How to Tell ==
* Tapes duplicated at VCA from 1980-1982 would have a sticker with numbers on it on the tape guard.
* Pre-1991 tapes duplicated at VCA, S/T and Technicolor have 2 different types of stickers (with or without print dates): Tapes duplicated at Technicolor between 1981 and 1991 have a blue (sometimes white) sticker on the bottom left or middle side, while tapes duplicated at VCA and S/T between 1982 and 1987 have a white sticker on the tape guard (and later on the bottom middle side starting in 1985). Sometimes, the print date is read in YY/MM/DD format, but most of the time it is in MM/DD/YY.
* Pre-April 1989 tapes duplicated at Technicolor in California have two different types of a screen test pattern at the end: Some 1985-1986 tapes have a black test pattern with a 410 hz tone, or a 420 hz tone, while most 1986-1989 tapes have either a 400 hz tone, or a 1010 hz tone.
* Most 1986-2007 tapes duplicated at Technicolor have an ink print date instead of a sticker.
* Tapes duplicated on the Sprinter prior to 1993 had a white sticker on the bottom middle side.
* Starting in 1993, some tapes duplicated at Technicolor in Camarillo with an ink print date on the bottom middle side had a time.
** The time was directly next to the date on post-June 1995 tapes duplicated in Livonia and some duplicated in California. However, on most 1993-1999 tapes duplicated in Camarillo, it would be next to the length code.
** For example, if the print date/time on the VHS tape reads "010196-1729", that means the tape was printed at 5:29 PM on January 1, 1996.
* Most 1989-2006 tapes duplicated in Livonia had the DTMF tones at the start and/or end of the tape.
* Most 1981-1999 tapes had a digit for the shift next to the print date, which was usually either 1, 2 or 3 letters or numbers.
* Most 1985-2007 tapes have an abbreviation engraved in either gold orange, dark blue, plain black or plain white on either the left or right side of the tape that usually indicates the company that distributed it.
* Some post-2001 tapes would have "MADE IN MEXICO" printed in either watermark ink on the plastic wrap, or on a sticker, on the back.
* Many 1986-2005 tapes would have an assembly date in addition to a print date, sometimes in dark ink. Starting in the beginning of 1992, the assembly date on tapes assembled in California would include a time.
* Some tapes had a white sticker on the right side of the tape, with information like the following examples:

Example 1:

'''ROUGH CUT V'''

'''11111 1 113 113'''


Example 2:

'''THE BOY'''

'''38381 3 332 1292'''

== Fun Facts ==
* VCA-Teletronics was spun off in 1987, shortly after the acquisition of CBS/Fox's duplication facility.
* Technicolor Videocassette, Inc. adopted the name "Technicolor Video Services" as its DBA name by October 1993, as the arm was completing a move from Newbury Park to Camarillo. "Technicolor Videocassette, Inc." remained the arm's legal name until 1997 when the arm began DVD replication by which point both the arm's legal and DBA names, as well as its CD replication counterpart Technicolor Optical Media Services, were combined to become "Technicolor Video/CD/DVD Services".
* S/T Videocassette Duplicating Corp. was a joint venture between Sony Corporation and VCA-Teletronics, set up not long after VCA-Teletronics itself was founded.
** S/T = Sony/Teletronics
* Around 70% of Disney's videocassette output was being duplicated at Technicolor's Livonia plant as of 1996.
* The first Macrovision-encoded MCA Home Video tapes, as well as New World Video's lineup around 1985, are among the tapes duplicated at VCA/Technicolor's Newbury Park plant.
* Some Disney tapes beginning in the early 1990s, as well as certain "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" tapes from Family Home Entertainment (sold through the Burger King Kids Club), a majority of Video Treasures' lineup (including Burbank Video, Media Home Entertainment and MNTex Entertainment) and Starmaker Entertainment's lineup between the early 1990s and 1995, and Simon Marketing and Vestron Video's lineups prior to the late 1990s, were among the tapes duplicated at Technicolor's Livonia plant using Sony Sprinter systems.

==Known abbreviation letter codes==
* DIS - pre-1988 tapes released under the respective subsidiaries of Walt Disney Telecommunications and Non-Theatrical Company
* BVHV - post-1990 tapes released under the Buena Vista Home Entertainment label and its respective subsidiaries
* AVN - tapes sold through Avon
* NWV - tapes released by New World Video
* WHV4 - tapes released by Warner Home Video prior to 1985
* WHV - tapes released by Warner Home Video and its respective subsidiaries
* VT - tapes released by Video Treasures and its respective subsidiaries, including Burbank Video and MNTex Entertainment (regularly engraved in plain black, but sometimes engraved in gold orange)
* RVS - tapes released by companies that normally worked with Rank Video Services America, such as Paramount Home Video, Columbia TriStar Home Video or MCA/Universal Home Video (sometimes engraved in dark blue)
* T275 - tapes sold through Columbia House Video
* 275T - same as T275
* EP - post-1994 tapes released under the respective subsidiaries of Anchor Bay Entertainment, duplicated in EP/SLP mode
* SP - post-1994 tapes released under the respective subsidiaries of Anchor Bay Entertainment, duplicated in SP mode
* 2 PK - TBD
* SKG - tapes released by DreamWorks Home Entertainment
* EHE - tapes released by Embassy Home Entertainment
* MCATM - 1982-1990 tapes released under the MCA Home Video label
* MCAT - same as MCATM
* HW - tapes released exclusively to Hollywood Video stores
* BB - tapes released exclusively to Blockbuster stores
* BRC - tapes released under the Brentwood Home Video label, prior to 2001
* BRCSP - tapes released under the Brentwood Home Video label, duplicated in SP mode, prior to 2001
* BRC-E - tapes released under the Brentwood Home Video label, duplicated in EP/SLP mode, prior to 2001
* BCI - tapes released by BCI Eclipse, printed after 2001
* BFSP - tapes released by Best Film & Video Corp., duplicated in SP mode
* PHV - tapes released by Paramount Home Video prior to 1993

==Known batch and stock number prefix codes==
'''NOTE: Most tapes duplicated using Sony Sprinter systems will use prefixes indicating the label and/or distributor.'''
* WHV - 1988-2000 tapes released by Warner Home Video and its respective subsidiaries
* WB - same as WHV
* NL - tapes released under the New Line Home Entertainment label
* TW - post-2000 tapes released by Warner Home Video and its respective subsidiaries
* BVH - select 1988-1990 tapes released by Buena Vista Home Video and its respective subsidiaries, duplicated in California.
* WDTNT - pre-1988 tapes released under the respective subsidiaries of Walt Disney Telecommunications and Non-Theatrical Company
* WDT - same as WDTNT
* WD - post-1988 tapes released under the Buena Vista Home Entertainment label and its respective subsidiaries, duplicated in California. Beginning in 1990, the arm's Livonia plant also used this prefix. Strangely, this prefix appeared on some Starmaker Entertainment tapes printed in May 1995, when Starmaker Entertainment merged with Video Treasures to form Anchor Bay Entertainment.
* VA - tapes released by VidAmerica
* VTM - 1990-1994 tapes released by Video Treasures under license from Media Home Entertainment
* VTSV - 1990-1992 tapes released under the Video Treasures label
* VT - post-1992 tapes released under the Video Treasures label and its respective subsidiaries
* VTBV - tapes released under the Burbank Video label
* VTTG - same as VTBV
* VTTR - same as VTTG and VTBV
* VTMN - tapes released under the MNTex Entertainment label
* BRC - tapes released by Brentwood Home Video
* ES - pre-1989 tapes sold through Avon
* AVE - post-1989 tapes sold through Avon
* AVON - same as AVE
* SM - pre-1993 tapes sold through Simon Marketing/Promotional Concept Group
* PCG - post-1993 tapes sold through Simon Marketing/Promotional Concept Group
* HBO - pre-2000 tapes released under the HBO Home Entertainment label
* VV - tapes released under the Vestron Video label
* LV - tapes released under the Artisan Entertainment label
* RPE - tapes released under the Republic Pictures Home Video label
* RNK - pre-1993 tapes released by companies that normally worked with Rank Video Services America
* RK - post-1993 tapes released by companies that normally worked with Rank Video Services America
* WV - tapes released under the Worldvision Home Video label
* PA - some tapes released by Paramount Home Entertainment
* VM - tapes released by Trimark Home Video
* SNY - tapes released by Sony Video Software
* ST - tapes released under the Starmaker Entertainment label. After 1994, R&G Video tapes, which were distributed by Starmaker Entertainment, also used this prefix.
* RG - tapes released by Starmaker Entertainment under the R&G Video label prior to 1994
* LM - tapes released by Shell Oil Company under license from Lee Mendelson Productions
* CV - tapes released by Columbia Pictures Home Entertainment
* MGM - tapes released by MGM/UA Home Video
* WDWD - same as WD. Seen on some tapes released by Buena Vista Home Video, printed in late 1994 using Sony Sprinter systems.
* WDKM - possibly a misprint as seen on some tapes released by Buena Vista Home Video, printed between 1994-1995 using Sony Sprinter systems.
* WDTG - same as WDKM
* WDWM - same as WDKM and WDTG
* WDL - same as WDKM, WDTG and WDWM. This was spotted on some early copies of the first four Disney Princess Collection tapes.
* UV - tapes released by Urban Vision
* LHV - tapes released by Lorimar Home Video
* Random codes (S8, X23, Y1, RC, Y5, X8, X12, M12, S35, etc.) - post-1990 tapes duplicated in Livonia using Otari TMD systems
* 000 - no indication

== Known stock number suffix codes ==
These codes could be seen on tapes printed in Livonia using Sony Sprinter systems, from 1988 to May 1995.
* V - no indication
* VPD - same as V
* -V - same as V and VPD
* -S - tapes duplicated in SP mode
* LPD - tapes duplicated in LP mode
* EPD - tapes duplicated in EP/SLP mode

== Gallery ==
=== Sony/Teletronics ===
<gallery>
File:Sticker (VCA) (Superman the Movie, 1980 WCI).jpg|This is what the "no print date" sticker looked like on some tapes printed in Leonia prior to around 1986.
File:Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Those Krazy, Klassic, Kolor Kartoons, 1985 MPI).jpg|Same example as picture #1, sans the VCA logo.
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Herbie Rides Again, 1982 Disney) (eBay Photo).jpg
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, 1983 Disney).jpg|This is what the print date sticker looked like on tapes printed in Leonia from 1982 to 1987.
File:Date Sticker (ST) (2001 - A Space Odyssey, 1985 MGM).jpg|This is what the print date sticker looked like on some tapes printed in the East Coast, beginning in the mid-1980s.
</gallery>
----

=== Vidtronics ===
<gallery>
File:Date Sticker (ST) (Superman II, 1981 Warner).jpg|This is what the print date sticker looked like on some tapes printed in California, beginning in 1981.
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Stir Crazy, 1981 Columbia).jpg|This is what the print date sticker looked like on some tapes printed in California, beginning in 1981.
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (First Family, 1981 Warner).jpg|Same example as picture #1.
</gallery>
----

=== VCA/Technicolor ===
==== East Coast plants ====
<gallery>
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Beach Boys - An American Band, 1985 Vestron).jpg|Same example as picture #1 in the "Sony/Teletronics" section.
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Maximum Overdrive, 1986 Karl-Lorimar).jpg|Same example as picture #2, sans the VCA logo.
File:Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Lionel Richie - The Making of Dancing on the Ceiling, 1986 Karl-Lorimar) (2).jpg
File:ROUGH CUT V 11111 1 113 113.jpg
</gallery>

==== California plants ====
<gallery>
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (The Ice Pirates, 1985 MGM).jpg|Same example as picture #5 in the "Vidtronics" section, except the font used is slightly different and the sticker itself was colored normal blue.
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Land of Doom, 1986 Lightning).jpg|Same example as picture #2, except the font used is slightly different.
File:Ink Label (VCA-Technicolor) (No Deposit, No Return, 1986 Disney).jpg|This is what the ink printing, used on some tapes printed in California from July 1986 to 1988, looks like with the print date on it.
File:Ink Label (Technicolor) (Night of the Creeps, 1987 HBO-Cannon).jpg|This is what the ink printing, used on some tapes printed in California beginning in early 1987, looks like with the print date on it.
</gallery>
----

=== Technicolor ===
==== California plants ====
<gallery>
File:Ink Label (VCA-Technicolor) (The Best of The Benny Hill Show, Vol. 4, 1987 HBO).jpg|Same example as picture #4 in the "VCA/Technicolor California" section, though slightly akin to the ink printing used on tapes duplicated at Video Technology Services in Newbury Park.
File:Ink Label (Technicolor) (Spookies, 1988 Sony).jpg|This is what the ink printing, used on tapes printed in California from late 1985 to 1994, looks like with the print date on it. Notice how there is an assembly date below the print date in dark ink in this picture.
File:Date Sticker (VCA-Technicolor) (Peter Pan, 1990 Disney).jpg|This is what the print date sticker looked like on tapes printed in California prior to early 1991.
File:051096 (Disney Sing-Along Songs - Topsy Turvy).jpg
File:111797.jpg
</gallery>

==== Livonia plant (acquired from CBS/Fox) ====
===== Industrial Duplicators and Otari TMD =====
<gallery>
File:Dark Ink Label (Technicolor) (Poltergeist III, 1989 MGM).jpg|This is what the ink printing, used on tapes printed in Livonia using industrial duplicators, from 1987 to 1990, looks like. The printing you see on the far bottom was also used on some tapes duplicated at the plant, although some tapes duplicated at the company's California plants also used these printings and so did some tapes from different duplicators (e.g. Rank Video Services America, VTR Video and WRS Motion Picture & Video Laboratory).
File:Bar Code Sticker (Technicolor) (Bongo, 1989 Disney).jpg
File:Three Fugitives.jpg
File:Harry & Tonto (T-116-MID-2629).jpg
File:Alfred Hitchcock Awards (T-80 3 3419).jpg
File:Halloween 5 - The Revenge of Michael Myers (T-98-DAY-02790).jpg
File:BVHV (The Little Mermaid).jpg
File:The Little Mermaid.jpg
File:There's No Business Like Show Business 032690.jpg
File:Where the Heart Is 072690.jpg
File:071391 (Scenes from a Mall).jpg
File:Simply Mad About the Mouse.jpg
File:120993 (The Frog Prince).jpg
File:102697 (Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas).jpg
</gallery>

===== Sony Sprinter =====
<gallery>
File:The Point (Vestron).jpg|This is an example of what the sticker on some tapes, using the Sony Sprinter, looked like during 1987-1988.
File:Alien (eBay Listing).png
File:Dino Riders Volume 2 (1988, Tyco Industries) (eBay Listing).png
File:Elvira, Mistress of the Dark (1990, Starmaker) (eBay Listing).png
File:Flash Gordon - To Save Earth (1990 Best Film & Video) (eBay Listing).png
File:Where There's a Will There's an A - How to Get Better Grades in High School 1.jpg
File:Ink Label (Technicolor) (Chip 'N' Dale Rescue Rangers - Double Trouble, 1990 Disney).jpg|This is what the ink printing, used on some tapes printed in Livonia using the Sony Sprinter, from early October 1992 to mid-May 1995, looks like with the print date on it. These kind of printings had the distributor's prefix, stock number and tape speed on the left of the lot number, akin to the "no print date" barcode stickers used by the same facility from 1988 to 1995. If the letters following the stock number did not indicate the speed, they would always be either VPD or -V.
</gallery>

==== Montreal plant (acquired from Astral Media) ====
<gallery>
File:Ink Label (Technicolor Canada) (Castle in the Sky, 2003 Disney).jpg
</gallery>
==== Ciudad de México plant (acquired from Televisa) ====
<gallery>
File:The Spy Who Shagged Me (081699).jpg|
File:Game Day (082699).jpg
File:Don't Sweat the Small Stuff (090299).jpg
File:Made in Mexico (Game Day).jpg
File:022400 (Vanquished).jpg
</gallery>

==== VBI codes ====
<gallery>
File:THEAME~1.JPG|An example of what the code on the VBI looks like on tapes duplicated in Livonia using Otari TMDs prior to 1999.
File:Cinderella (1988 Walt Disney Home Video).jpg|Same as the previous example, but with the Macrovision signal.
File:The Ugly Dachsund (1994 Walt Disney Home Video) (061394).jpg|An example of what the code on the VBI looks like on tapes duplicated in Livonia using Sony Sprinters, beginning in 1994. This variant of the code was used until the fall of 1994.
File:Walt Disney World 2003 Vacation Video (102802).jpg|An example of what the code on the VBI looks like on tapes duplicated in Hollywood from the late 1990s and the 2000s.
File:Walt Disney World 1999 Vacation Video (110298).jpg
</gallery>
----

== Locations ==
* Beverly Hills, California (1999-????) (acquired as part of Central Video purchase)
* Camarillo, California (1993-2007) (acquired from Everest & Jennings and sold to Sandstone Properties)
* Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal (1999-????) (acquired as part of Central Video purchase)
* Dallas, Texas (1980-1987) (originated with VCA-Teletronics, acquired from Inovision, divested as part of VCA-Teletronics spinoff)
* Des Plaines, Illinois (1979-1987) (originated with VCA-Teletronics, divested as part of VCA-Teletronics spinoff)
* Don Mills, Ontario (1999-????) (acquired as part of VTR Video purchase)
* Guadalajara, Jalisco (2001-present)
* Hollywood, California (????-????) (originated with Technicolor, unknown status)
* Houston, Texas (1980-1987) (originated with VCA-Teletronics, divested as part of VCA-Teletronics spinoff)
* Huntington Beach, California (198?-1990s) (originated with Technicolor, unknown status)
* Leonia, New Jersey (1972-1987) (originated with VCA-Teletronics, divested as part of VCA-Teletronics spinoff)
* Livonia, Michigan (1987-2016) (first facility acquired from CBS/Fox, building later sold to battery supplier A123 Systems as their headquarters before it was ultimately demolished for a Beaumont Health medical center. Most of the work from the first facility was transferred to a second facility around 2010. The second facility was later sold to Ford Motor Company, which currently uses the site as an auto parts warehouse)
* Mexicali, Baja California (1999-present) (acquired as part of Central Video purchase)
* Montreal, Quebec (2000-????) (acquired from Astral Media)
* Naperville, Illinois (198?-198?) (originated with VCA-Teletronics, currently used by cleanup and restoration company Servpro)
* New York City, New York (198?-????) (originated with VCA-Teletronics, unknown status)
* Newbury Park, California (1981-1993) (originated with Technicolor, moved to Camarillo)
* Toronto, Ontario (1999-????) (acquired as part of VTR Video purchase)

== Trivia ==
* Some tapes that used the company's masters, particularly post-July 1995 pressings of pre-July 1995 Video Treasures, Burbank Video and MNTex Entertainment releases, as well as some post-July 1995 pressings of pre-mid-1995 Starmaker Entertainment releases that still came in their original packaging with the "Video by Technicolor" notation intact, were instead duplicated at [[Allied Digital|Allied Digital Technologies]].

==See also==
* [[Technicolor DTMF sequences]]

[[Category:Duplicators]]
[[Category:Videodisc replicators]]
[[Category:Anime duplicators]]
[[Category:Duplicators from California]]
[[Category:Macrovision customers]]
[[Category:Otari TMD customers]]
[[Category:Sony Sprinter customers]]

Latest revision as of 18:45, 14 May 2024

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